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Author  |
Downie, L.E. |
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Title |
Blue-light filtering ophthalmic lenses: to prescribe, or not to prescribe? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
640-643 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
Purpose
Blue-blocking (BB) spectacle lenses, which attenuate short-wavelength light, are being marketed to alleviate eyestrain and discomfort when using digital devices, improve sleep quality and potentially confer protection from retinal phototoxicity. The aim of this review was to investigate the relative benefits and potential harms of these lenses.
Methods
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), recruiting adults from the general population, which investigated the effect of BB spectacle lenses on visual performance, symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue, changes to macular integrity and subjective sleep quality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinical trial registers, until 30 April 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.
Results
Three studies (with 136 participants) met our inclusion criteria; these had limitations in study design and/or implementation. One study compared the effect of BB lenses with clear lenses on contrast sensitivity (CS) and colour vision (CV) using a pseudo-RCT crossover design; there was no observed difference between lens types (log CS; Mean Difference (MD) = −0.01 [−0.03, 0.01], CV total error score on 100-hue; MD = 1.30 [−7.84, 10.44]). Another study measured critical fusion frequency (CFF), as a proxy for eye fatigue, on wearers of low and high BB lenses, pre- and post- a two-hour computer task. There was no observed difference between low BB and standard lens groups, but there was a less negative change in CFF between the high and low BB groups (MD = 1.81 [0.57, 3.05]). Both studies compared eyestrain symptoms with Likert scales. There was no evidence of inter-group differences for either low BB (MD = 0.00 [−0.22, 0.22]) or high BB lenses (MD = −0.05 [−0.31, 0.21]), nor evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants showing an improvement in symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue. One study reported a small improvement in sleep quality in people with self-reported insomnia after wearing high compared to low-BB lenses (MD = 0.80 [0.17, 1.43]) using a 10-point Likert scale. A study involving normal participants found no observed difference in sleep quality. We found no studies investigating effects on macular structure or function.
Conclusions
We find a lack of high quality evidence to support using BB spectacle lenses for the general population to improve visual performance or sleep quality, alleviate eye fatigue or conserve macular health. |
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Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |
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0275-5408 |
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Notes |
PMID:29044667 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1774 |
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Author |
Lawrenson, J.G.; Hull, C.C.; Downie, L.E. |
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Title |
The effect of blue-light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep-wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
644-654 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Vision; Review |
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Abstract |
PURPOSE: Blue-blocking (BB) spectacle lenses, which attenuate short-wavelength light, are being marketed to alleviate eyestrain and discomfort when using digital devices, improve sleep quality and potentially confer protection from retinal phototoxicity. The aim of this review was to investigate the relative benefits and potential harms of these lenses. METHODS: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), recruiting adults from the general population, which investigated the effect of BB spectacle lenses on visual performance, symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue, changes to macular integrity and subjective sleep quality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinical trial registers, until 30 April 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. RESULTS: Three studies (with 136 participants) met our inclusion criteria; these had limitations in study design and/or implementation. One study compared the effect of BB lenses with clear lenses on contrast sensitivity (CS) and colour vision (CV) using a pseudo-RCT crossover design; there was no observed difference between lens types (log CS; Mean Difference (MD) = -0.01 [-0.03, 0.01], CV total error score on 100-hue; MD = 1.30 [-7.84, 10.44]). Another study measured critical fusion frequency (CFF), as a proxy for eye fatigue, on wearers of low and high BB lenses, pre- and post- a two-hour computer task. There was no observed difference between low BB and standard lens groups, but there was a less negative change in CFF between the high and low BB groups (MD = 1.81 [0.57, 3.05]). Both studies compared eyestrain symptoms with Likert scales. There was no evidence of inter-group differences for either low BB (MD = 0.00 [-0.22, 0.22]) or high BB lenses (MD = -0.05 [-0.31, 0.21]), nor evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants showing an improvement in symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue. One study reported a small improvement in sleep quality in people with self-reported insomnia after wearing high compared to low-BB lenses (MD = 0.80 [0.17, 1.43]) using a 10-point Likert scale. A study involving normal participants found no observed difference in sleep quality. We found no studies investigating effects on macular structure or function. CONCLUSIONS: We find a lack of high quality evidence to support using BB spectacle lenses for the general population to improve visual performance or sleep quality, alleviate eye fatigue or conserve macular health. |
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Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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0275-5408 |
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Notes |
PMID:29044670 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1775 |
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Author |
Wood, J.M. |
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Title |
Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
in press |
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Keywords |
Review; Public Safety; headlights; nighttime driving; older drivers; pedestrians and cyclists; streetlights; visual performance |
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Abstract |
PURPOSE: Nighttime driving is dangerous and is one of the most challenging driving situations for most drivers. Fatality rates are higher at night than in the day when adjusted for distances travelled, particularly for crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists. Although there are multiple contributory factors, the low light levels at night are believed to be the major cause of collisions with pedestrians and cyclists at night, most likely due to their reduced visibility. Understanding the visibility problems involved in nighttime driving is thus critical, given the increased risk to road safety. RECENT FINDINGS: This review discusses research that highlights key differences in the nighttime road environment compared to the day and how this affects visual function and driving performance, together with an overview of studies investigating how driver age and visual status affect nighttime driving performance. Research that has focused on the visibility of vulnerable road users at nighttime (pedestrians and cyclists) is also included. SUMMARY: Collectively, the research evidence suggests that visual function is reduced under the mesopic lighting conditions of night driving and that these effects are exacerbated by increasing age and visual impairment. Light and glare from road lighting and headlights have significant impacts on vision and night driving and these effects are likely to change with evolving technologies, such as LED streetlighting and headlights. Research also highlights the importance of the visibility of vulnerable road users at night and the role of retroreflective clothing in the 'biomotion' configuration for improving their conspicuity and hence safety. |
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School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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ISSN |
0275-5408 |
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Notes |
PMID:31875993 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2803 |
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