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Alzahrani, H.S.; Khuu, S.K.; Roy, M. |
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Title |
Modelling the effect of commercially available blue-blocking lenses on visual and non-visual functions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Clinical & Experimental Optometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Clin Exp Optom |
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in press |
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cxo.12959 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; blue-blocking lenses; non-visual functions; transmittance; visual functions |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Blue-blocking lenses (BBLs) are marketed as providing retinal protection from acute and cumulative exposure to blue light over time. The selective reduction in visible wavelengths transmitted through BBLs is known to influence the photosensitivity of retinal photoreceptors, which affects both visual and non-visual functions. This study measured the spectral transmittance of BBLs and evaluated their effect on blue perception, scotopic vision, circadian rhythm, and protection from photochemical retinal damage. METHODS: Seven different types of BBLs from six manufacturers and untinted control lenses with three different powers (+2.00 D, -2.00 D and Plano) were evaluated. The whiteness index of BBLs used in this study was calculated using Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) Standard Illuminates D65, and CIE 1964 Standard with a 2 degrees Observer. The protective qualities of BBLs and their effect on blue perception, scotopic vision, and circadian rhythm were evaluated based on their spectral transmittance, which was measured with a Cary 5,000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. RESULTS: BBLs were found to reduce blue light (400-500 nm) by 6-43 per cent, providing significant protection from photochemical retinal damage compared to control lenses (p </= 0.05). All BBLs were capable of reducing the perception of blue colours, scotopic sensitivities and circadian sensitivities by 5-36 per cent, 5-24 per cent, and 4-27 per cent, respectively depending on the brand and power of the lens. CONCLUSION: BBLs can provide some protection to the human eye from photochemical retinal damage by reducing a portion of blue light that may affect visual and non-visual performances, such as those critical to scotopic vision, blue perception, and circadian rhythm. |
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School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia |
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0816-4622 |
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PMID:31441122 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2654 |
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Teare, S. W. |
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Title |
The night sky brightness at Mount Wilson Observatory |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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The Observatory |
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120 |
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313-317 |
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Skyglow |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2001 |
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Mammola, S.; Isaia, M.; Demonte, D.; Triolo, P.; Nervo, M. |
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Title |
Artificial lighting triggers the presence of urban spiders and their webs on historical buildings |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Landscape and Urban Planning |
Abbreviated Journal |
Landscape and Urban Planning |
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180 |
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187-194 |
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Animals; Lighting |
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Different spider species living in the urban environment spin their webs on building facades. Due to air pollution, web aggregations entrap dirt particles over time, assuming a brownish-greyish colouration and thus determining an aesthetic impact on buildings and street furniture. In Europe, the most common species causing such an aesthetic nuisance is Brigittea civica (Lucas) (Dictynidae). In spite of the socio-economical relevance of the problem, the ecological factors driving the proliferation of this species in the urban environment are poorly described and the effectiveness of potential cleaning activities has never been discussed in scientific literature. Over one year, we studied the environmental drivers of B. civica webs in the arcades of the historical down-town district of Turin (NW-Italy). We selected a number of sampling plots on arcade ceilings and we estimated the density of B. civica webs by means of digital image analysis. In parallel, we collected information on a number of potential explanatory variables driving the arcade colonization, namely artificial lighting at night, substrate temperature, distance from the main artificial light sources and distance from the river. Regression analysis showed that the coverage of spider webs increased significantly at plots with higher light intensity, with a major effect related to the presence of historical lampposts with incandescent lamps rather than halogen lamps. We also detected a seasonal variation in the web coverage, with significant higher values in summer. Stemming from our results, we are able to suggest good practices for the containment of this phenomenon. |
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0169-2046 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2002 |
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Tosini, G.; Ferguson, I.; Tubota, K. |
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Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Molecular Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Vis |
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22 |
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61-72 |
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Vision; blue light; Circadian Rhythm; eye; physiology |
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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and tablets. Although the light emitted by most LEDs appears white, LEDs have peak emission in the blue light range (400–490 nm). The accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that exposure to blue light can affect many physiologic functions, and it can be used to treat circadian and sleep dysfunctions. However, blue light can also induce photoreceptor damage. Thus, it is important to consider the spectral output of LED-based light sources to minimize the danger that may be associated with blue light exposure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of blue light on the regulation of physiologic functions and the possible effects of blue light exposure on ocular health. |
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Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA |
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NCBI |
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1090-0535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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2216 |
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Author |
Bará, S. |
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Variations on a classical theme: On the formal relationship between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intl J of Sustainable Lighting |
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19 |
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2 |
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77 |
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Instrumentation; skyglow; luminance; magnitude; sky brigthness; photometry |
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The formal link between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance is discussed in this paper. Directly related to the human visual system, luminance is defined in terms of the spectral radiance of the source, weighted by the CIE V(l) luminous efficiency function, and scaled by the 683 lm/W luminous efficacy constant. In consequence, any exact and spectrum-independent relationship between luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond requires that the last ones be measured precisely in the CIE V(l) band. The luminance value corresponding to mVC=0 (zero-point of the CIE V(l) magnitude scale) depends on the reference source chosen for the definition of the magnitude system. Using absolute AB magnitudes, the zero point luminance of the CIE V(l) photometric band is 10.96 x 104 cd·m-2. |
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Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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2586-1247 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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2162 |
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