| Records |
| Author |
Gaston, K.J. |
| Title |
Lighting up the nighttime |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
362 |
Issue |
6416 |
Pages |
744-746 |
| Keywords |
Commentary |
Abstract  |
Among the most visually compelling images of the whole Earth have been those created using data obtained at night by astronauts or from satellites. The proliferation in use of electric lighting—including from industrial, commercial, municipal, and domestic sources—is striking. It sketches the spatial distribution of much of the human population, outlining a substantial proportion of the world's coastline, highlighting a multitude of towns and cities, and drawing the major highways that connect them. The data embodied in these nighttime images have been used to estimate and map levels of energy use, urbanization, and economic activity. They have also been key in focusing attention on the environmental impacts of the artificial light at night itself. Explicit steps need to be taken to limit these impacts, which vary according to the intensity, spectrum, spatial extent, and temporal dynamics of this lighting. |
| Address |
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK. k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk |
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English |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:30442788 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2058 |
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| Author |
Rosewater, V. |
| Title |
Cost Statistics of Public Electric Lighting |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1893 |
Publication |
Publications of the American Statistical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
293-303 |
| Keywords |
Economics |
| Abstract |
Among the various papers published upon the subject of municipial control of public electric lighting the showing made by the statistics of cost is always an important factor. Whatever be the point of view of the writers, they seem to present their own figures and yet to arrive at essentially inconsistent results. What I propose to do here, then, is simply to touch upon a few of the limitations which must be borne in mind by anyone who wishes to give these statistics their due scientific weight. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
Serial |
2474 |
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| Author |
Kocifaj, M.; Wallner, S.; Solano-Lamphar, H.A. |
| Title |
An asymptotic formula for skyglow modelling over a large territory |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
485 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
2214-2224 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
An analytical framework to predict skyglow due to distant sources is presented, which can be applied to model sky brightness from the zenith toward the horizon along a vertical plane crossing the hemisphere in the azimuthal position of a light source. Although various powerful algorithms have been developed over the last few decades, the time needed for calculation grows exponentially with increasing size of the modelling domain. This is one of the key issues in skyglow computations, because the numerical accuracy improves only slowly as the modelling domain extends. We treat the problem theoretically, by introducing an analytical formula that is well-suited for light sources located at intermediate and long distances from an observation point and allows tremendous time savings in numerical analyses, while keeping the error at a low level. Field experiments carried out in Eastern Austria provided a unique opportunity to validate the model using real-sky luminance data. The fact that the theoretical model allows the prediction of sky luminance within an acceptable error tolerance is not only in line with the experimental data, but also provides new means of remote characterization of light emissions from artificial sources. The method is particularly attractive for rapid and simple retrieval of the amount of light escaping upwards from the dominant light sources surrounding the observation point. We expect that the method can advance the numerical modelling of skyglow substantially, because it allows real-time computations for very large territories. |
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0035-8711 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2258 |
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| Author |
Laurìa, A.; Secchi, S.; Vessella, L. |
| Title |
Visual wayfinding for partially sighted pedestrians – The use of luminance contrast in outdoor pavings |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
in press |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
| Abstract |
An increase in the number of partially sighted people is one of the effects of population ageing. These people have great difficulties in gathering wayfinding information to move independently in an unfamiliar environment. Guide paths based on the luminance contrast between a strip and surrounding surfaces can be an effective device for mitigating these difficulties, but information provided by the scientific literature on guide paths cannot be usefully applied to the naturally coloured paving materials most commonly found in pedestrian urban spaces. This paper presents a simplified method for measuring the luminance contrast between a guide strip and its background using combinations of naturally coloured paving materials. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1477-1535 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1980 |
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| Author |
Bowden, J. |
| Title |
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Catches of Insects in Light-Traps |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Entomological Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull. Entomol. Res. |
| Volume |
72 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
535-556 |
| Keywords |
Ecology; Animals |
| Abstract |
Analysis of published data on catches of insects in light-traps with a variety of light sources and of different designs showed that all conformed to the previously proposed model describing the functioning of a light-trap: catch = constant × where W = trap illumination and I = background illumination. Light-trap catches in differing cloud conditions and in open and woodland situations also varied as predicted by the model. A table of correction factors for different amounts of cloud cover is provided. The results are discussed in relation to use of light-traps and interpretation of light-trap data. |
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Edition |
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0007-4853 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2589 |
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