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Author |
Nehme, P.A.; Amaral, F.; Lowden, A.; Skene, D.J.; Cipolla-Neto, J.; Moreno, C.R.C. |
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Title |
Reduced melatonin synthesis in pregnant night workers: metabolic implications for offspring |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Medical Hypotheses |
Abbreviated Journal |
Medical Hypotheses |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109353 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Pregnancy; Melatonin; Melatonin synthesis; Circadian disruption; shift work |
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Abstract |
Several novel animal studies have shown that intrauterine metabolic programming can be modified in the event of reduced melatonin synthesis during pregnancy, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the offspring. It is therefore postulated that female night workers when pregnant may expose the offspring to unwanted health threats. This may be explained by the fact that melatonin is essential for regulating energy metabolism and can influence reproductive activity. Moreover, the circadian misalignment caused by shift work affects fertility and the fetus, increasing the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and low birth weight, phenomena observed in night workers. Thus, we hypothesize that light-induced melatonin suppression as a result of night work may alter intrauterine metabolic programming in pregnant women, potentially leading to metabolic disorders in their offspring. |
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School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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ISSN |
0306-9877 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2610 |
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Author |
Phipps-Nelson, J.; Redman, J.R.; Schlangen, L.J.M.; Rajaratnam, S.M.W. |
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Title |
Blue light exposure reduces objective measures of sleepiness during prolonged nighttime performance testing |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
891-912 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
This study examined the effects of nocturnal exposure to dim, narrowband blue light (460 nm, approximately 1 lux, 2 microW/cm2), compared to dim broad spectrum (white) ambient light ( approximately 0.2 lux, 0.5 microW/cm2), on subjective and objective indices of sleepiness during prolonged nighttime performance testing. Participants were also exposed to a red light (640 nm, approximately 1 lux, 0.7 microW/cm2) placebo condition. Outcome measures were driving simulator and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance, subjective sleepiness, salivary melatonin, and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The study had a repeated-measures design, with three counterbalanced light conditions and a four-week washout period between each condition. Participants (n = 8) maintained a regular sleep-wake schedule for 14 days prior to the approximately 14 h laboratory study, which consisted of habituation to light conditions followed by neurobehavioral performance testing from 21:00 to 08:30 h under modified constant-routine conditions. A neurobehavioral test battery (2.5 h) was presented four times between 21:00 and 08:30 h, with a 30 min break between each. From 23:30 to 05:30 h, participants were exposed to blue or red light, or remained in ambient conditions. Compared to ambient light exposure, blue light exposure suppressed EEG slow wave delta (1.0-4.5 Hz) and theta (4.5-8 Hz) activity and reduced the incidence of slow eye movements. PVT reaction times were significantly faster in the blue light condition, but driving simulator measures, subjective sleepiness, and salivary melatonin levels were not significantly affected by blue light. Red light exposure, as compared to ambient light exposure, reduced the incidence of slow eye movements. The results demonstrate that low-intensity, blue light exposure can promote alertness, as measured by some of the objective indices used in this study, during prolonged nighttime performance testing. Low intensity, blue light exposure has the potential to be applied to situations where it is desirable to increase alertness but not practical or appropriate to use bright light, such as certain occupational settings. |
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Address |
School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0742-0528 |
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Notes |
PMID:19637049 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2202 |
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Author |
Bullock, B.; McGlashan, E.M.; Burns, A.C.; Lu, B.S.; Cain, S.W. |
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Title |
Traits related to bipolar disorder are associated with an increased post-illumination pupil response |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Psychiatry Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychiatry Res |
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Volume |
278 |
Issue |
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Pages |
35-41 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
Mood states in bipolar disorder appear to be closely linked to changes in sleep and circadian function. It has been suggested that hypersensitivity of the circadian system to light may be a trait vulnerability for bipolar disorder. Healthy persons with emotional-behavioural traits associated with bipolar disorder also appear to exhibit problems with circadian rhythms, which may be associated with individual differences in light sensitivity. This study investigated the melanopsin-driven post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) in relation to emotional-behavioural traits associated with bipolar disorder (measured with the General Behavior Inventory) in a non-clinical group (n=61). An increased PIPR was associated with increased bipolar disorder-related traits. Specifically, the hypomania scale of the General Behavior Inventory was associated with an increased post-blue PIPR. Further, both the full hypomania and shortened '7 Up' scales were significantly predicted by PIPR, after age, sex and depressive traits were controlled. These findings suggest that increased sensitivity to light may be a risk factor for mood problems in the general population, and support the idea that hypersensitivity to light is a trait vulnerability for, rather than symptom of, bipolar disorder. |
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Address |
School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: sean.cain@monash.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0165-1781 |
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Notes |
PMID:31136914 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2510 |
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Author |
Huang, Z.; Liu, Q.; Westland, S.; Pointer, M.; Luo, M.R.; Xiao, K. |
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Title |
Light dominates colour preference when correlated colour temperature differs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
995-1012 |
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Keywords |
Vision; Lighting |
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Abstract |
Colour preference for lighting is generally influenced by three kinds of contextual factors, the light, the object and the observer. In this study, a series of psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate and compare the effect of certain factors on colour preference, including spectral power distribution of light, lighting application, observers’ personal colour preference, regional cultural difference and gender difference. LED lights with different correlated colour temperatures were used to illuminate a wide selection of objects. Participant response was quantified by a 7-point rating method or a 5-level ranking method. It was found that the preferred illumination for different objects exhibited a similar trend and that the influence of light was significantly stronger than that of other factors. Therefore, we conclude that the light itself (rather than, e.g. the objects that are viewed) is the most crucial factor for predicting which light, among several candidates with different correlated colour temperatures, an observer will prefer. In addition, some of the gamut-based colour quality metrics correlated well with the participants’ response, which corroborates the view that colour preference is strongly influenced by colour saturation. The familiarity of the object affects the ratings for each experiment while the colour of the objects also influences colour preference. |
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Address |
School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129, Wuhan, China; liuqiang(at)whu.edu.cn |
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Publisher |
SAGE |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1477-1535 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2256 |
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Author |
Stone, J.E.; Phillips, A.J.K.; Ftouni, S.; Magee, M.; Howard, M.; Lockley, S.W.; Sletten, T.L.; Anderson, C.; Rajaratnam, S.M.W.; Postnova, S. |
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Title |
Generalizability of A Neural Network Model for Circadian Phase Prediction in Real-World Conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11001 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Instrumentation |
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Abstract |
A neural network model was previously developed to predict melatonin rhythms accurately from blue light and skin temperature recordings in individuals on a fixed sleep schedule. This study aimed to test the generalizability of the model to other sleep schedules, including rotating shift work. Ambulatory wrist blue light irradiance and skin temperature data were collected in 16 healthy individuals on fixed and habitual sleep schedules, and 28 rotating shift workers. Artificial neural network models were trained to predict the circadian rhythm of (i) salivary melatonin on a fixed sleep schedule; (ii) urinary aMT6s on both fixed and habitual sleep schedules, including shift workers on a diurnal schedule; and (iii) urinary aMT6s in rotating shift workers on a night shift schedule. To determine predicted circadian phase, center of gravity of the fitted bimodal skewed baseline cosine curve was used for melatonin, and acrophase of the cosine curve for aMT6s. On a fixed sleep schedule, the model predicted melatonin phase to within +/- 1 hour in 67% and +/- 1.5 hours in 100% of participants, with mean absolute error of 41 +/- 32 minutes. On diurnal schedules, including shift workers, the model predicted aMT6s acrophase to within +/- 1 hour in 66% and +/- 2 hours in 87% of participants, with mean absolute error of 63 +/- 67 minutes. On night shift schedules, the model predicted aMT6s acrophase to within +/- 1 hour in 42% and +/- 2 hours in 53% of participants, with mean absolute error of 143 +/- 155 minutes. Prediction accuracy was similar when using either 1 (wrist) or 11 skin temperature sensor inputs. These findings demonstrate that the model can predict circadian timing to within +/- 2 hours for the vast majority of individuals on diurnal schedules, using blue light and a single temperature sensor. However, this approach did not generalize to night shift conditions. |
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Address |
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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Notes |
PMID:31358781; PMCID:PMC6662750 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2667 |
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