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Andrade-Núñez, M.J.; Aide, T.M. |
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Title |
The Socio-Economic and Environmental Variables Associated with Hotspots of Infrastructure Expansion in South America |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
116 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
The built environment, defined as all human-made infrastructure, is increasing to fulfill the demand for human settlements, productive systems, mining, and industries. Due to the profound direct and indirect impacts that the built environment produces on natural ecosystems, it is considered a major driver of land change and biodiversity loss, and a major component of global environmental change. In South America, a global producer of minerals and agricultural commodities, and a region with many biodiversity hotspots, infrastructure expanded considerably between 2001 and 2011. This expansion occurred mainly in rural areas, towns, and sprawling suburban areas that were not previously developed. Herein, we characterized the areas of major infrastructure expansion between 2001 and 2011 in South America. We used nighttime light data, land use maps, and socio-economic and environmental variables to answer the following questions: (1) Where are the hotspots of infrastructure expansion located? and (2) What combination of socio-economic and environmental variables are associated with infrastructure expansion? Hotspots of infrastructure expansion encompass 70% (337,310 km2) of the total infrastructure expansion occurring between 2001 and 2011 across South America. Urban population and economic growth, mean elevation, and mean road density were the main variables associated with the hotspots, grouping them into eight clusters. Furthermore, within the hotspots, woody vegetation increased around various urban centers, and several areas showed a large increase in agriculture. Investments in large scale infrastructure projects, and the expansion and intensification of productive systems (e.g., agriculture and meat production) play a dominant role in the increase of infrastructure across South America. We expect that under the current trends of globalization and land changes, infrastructure will continue increasing and expanding into no-development areas and remote places. Therefore, to fully understand the direct and indirect impacts of land use change in natural ecosystems studies of infrastructure need to expand to areas beyond cities. This will provide better land management alternatives for the conservation of biodiversity as well as peri-urban areas across South America. |
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2072-4292 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2798 |
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Andrade-Pacheco, R.; Savory, D.J.; Midekisa, A.; Gething, P.W.; Sturrock, H.J.W.; Bennett, A. |
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Title |
Household electricity access in Africa (2000-2013): Closing information gaps with model-based geostatistics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PloS one |
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PLoS One |
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14 |
Issue |
5 |
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e0214635 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Household electricity access data in Africa are scarce, particularly at the subnational level. We followed a model-based Geostatistics approach to produce maps of electricity access between 2000 and 2013 at a 5 km resolution. We collated data from 69 nationally representative household surveys conducted in Africa and incorporated nighttime lights imagery as well as land use and land cover data to produce maps of electricity access between 2000 and 2013. The information produced here can be an aid for understanding of how electricity access has changed in the region during this 14 year period. The resolution and the continental scale makes it possible to combine these data with other sources in applications in the socio-economic field, both at a local or regional level. |
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Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:31042727; PMCID:PMC6493706 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2531 |
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Andreatta, G.; Tessmar-Raible, K. |
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The still dark side of the moon: molecular mechanisms of lunar-controlled rhythms and clocks |
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2020 |
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Journal of Molecular Biology |
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J Mol Biol |
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in press |
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Review; Animals; Hormones; Lunar rhythms; Physiology; Proteome; Transcriptome |
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Starting with the beginning of the last century, a multitude of scientific studies has documented that the lunar cycle times behaviors and physiology in many organisms. It is plausible that even the first life forms adapted to the different rhythms controlled by the moon. Consistently, many marine species exhibit lunar rhythms, and also the number of documented “lunar-rhythmic” terrestrial species is increasing. Organisms follow diverse lunar geophysical/astronomical rhythms, which differ significantly in terms of period length: from hours (circalunidian and circatidal rhythms) to days (circasemilunar and circalunar cycles). Evidence for internal circatital and circalunar oscillators exists for a range of species based on past behavioral studies, but those species with well-documented behaviorally free-running lunar rhythms are not typically used for molecular studies. Thus, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely obscure: the dark side of the moon. Here we review findings which start to connect molecular pathways with moon-controlled physiology and behaviors. The present data indicate connections between metabolic/endocrine pathways and moon-controlled rhythms, as well as interactions between circadian and circatidal/circalunar rhythms. Moreover, recent high-throughput analyses provide useful leads towards pathways, as well as molecular markers. However, for each interpretation it is important to carefully consider the – partly substantially differing – conditions used in each experimental paradigm. In the future, it will be important to use lab experiments to delineate the specific mechanisms of the different solar- and lunar-controlled rhythms, but to also start integrating them together, as life has evolved equally long under rhythms of both sun and moon. |
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Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna; Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna. Electronic address: kristin.tessmar@mfpl.ac.at |
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0022-2836 |
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PMID:32198116 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2865 |
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Author |
Anisimov, V. N. |
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Title |
Light desynchronosis and health |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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Light & Engineering |
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27 |
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3 |
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14-25 |
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Human Health; Review |
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The review summarizes the modern knowledge of the impact of day-night, light-darkness rhythm disorders on the aging process and on the risk of development of the age-related conditions. Significant evidence has been obtained of that the constant artificial illumination and the daylight of the North has a stimulating effect on the occurrence and development of tumours in laboratory animals. It has been shown that long-term shift work, trans-meridian flights (jet-lag) and insomnia increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and malignancies in humans. Particular attention is given to the studies where the relationship between light intensity, light wavelength and its ability to suppress the synthesis of melatonin produced at night in the pineal gland, are investigated. It has been established that melatonin synthesis is most effectively suppressed with blue light sources of a wavelength from 446 to 477 nm. The use of exogenous melatonin prevents premature aging of the reproductive system and the body as a whole prevents the development of immune-suppression, metabolic syndrome and tumours caused by light pollution. An urgent task is to develop recommendations for optimizing the illumination of workplaces and residential premises, of cities and towns as a prevention measure for premature aging and age-related pathology, which, ultimately, will contribute to the long-term maintaining of performance and improving the quality of life. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2642 |
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Author |
Ardavani O. |
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Title |
Alternatives to artificial lighting: Varying patterns of bio-light in architecture |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
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Archidoct |
Abbreviated Journal |
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8 |
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1 |
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80-91 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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The notion of variability is identical to the phenomenon of light.The present paper examines characteristics that shape this variability, in all forms of light, both natural and artificial, as well as light that is experimentally produced in a laboratory environment, through genetic modification of plants, in line with current trend of architectural fluidity. At a time when architecture is interacting with emerging technologies by creating parametrically changing shells and environments, that are evolving as biological models and organisms, lighting is becoming a tool for highlighting forms while ensuring the functionality of spaces. It is up to the designer to manage these variables of light in an inspired way, in order to create an elegant, sustainable and environmentally friendly environment for all beings. |
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2309-0103 |
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UP @ altintas1 @ |
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3223 |
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