| Records |
Author  |
Barrette, T.P.; Pike, A.M. |
| Title |
Closed-Course Human Factors Evaluation of Marking and Marker Visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transportation Research Record |
| Volume |
2673 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
840-849 |
| Keywords |
Vision |
| Abstract |
Raised retroreflective pavement markers (RRPMs) are commonly used to provide nighttime delineation of roadways. Although RRPMs are visible during dry conditions, they provide their greatest benefit during wet-night conditions, when typical pavement markings become flooded and lose their retroreflectivite properties. Naturally, the retroreflectivity of RRPMs degrades over time as a result of traffic, ultraviolet light, precipitation, and roadway maintenance activities. Subsequently, it is necessary to examine the relationship between driver performance and the condition of the RRPMs. To assess visibility relative to RRPM condition, study participants rode in the passenger seat of a vehicle operated by a member of the research team, traveling at approximately 15 mph, for two laps around a closed course. Throughout each lap of the course, nine treatments consisting of RRPMs or preformed pavement marking tape of various retroreflectivity levels diverged from a center line to either the right or left. Participants indicated when they could tell which direction the treatment diverged, which was recorded using a GPS unit. A generalized linear model was estimated on a dataset constructed by pairing the observed distances from various treatments with demographic information about each participant. The analysis indicates the distance at which a particular treatment would be visible, which can then be converted to preview time to assess treatment adequacy for a variety of speeds. The RRPM treatments generally provided adequate preview time for older drivers based on the extant literature; however, the preformed pavement marking tape was less adequate at higher speeds and under overhead lighting. |
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0361-1981 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2775 |
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| Author |
Barros, R.; Medrano, F.; Norambuena, H.V.; Peredo, R.; Silva, R.; de Groote, F.; Schmitt, F. |
| Title |
Breeding Phenology, Distribution and Conservation Status of Markham's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma markhami in the Atacama Desert |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ardea |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ardea |
| Volume |
107 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
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0373-2266 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2434 |
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| Author |
Baskaran, T.; Min, B.; Uppal, Y. |
| Title |
Election cycles and electricity provision: Evidence from a quasi-experiment with Indian special elections |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Public Economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Public Economics |
| Volume |
126 |
Issue |
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Pages |
64-73 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; India; South Asia |
| Abstract |
We present evidence from India showing that state governments induce electoral cycles in electricity service provision. Our data and research strategy allow us to build on models of political business cycles and targeted distribution in two important ways. First, we demonstrate that by manipulating the flow of critical inputs into economic activity like electricity, elected leaders can influence economic outcomes even in contexts where they have constrained fiscal capacity. Second, we identify the effect of elections on electricity provision by focusing on special elections held for exogenous reasons. Our results show that state governments induce substantive increases in electricity service to constituencies that hold special elections. Manipulation of the power supply is stronger in contested constituencies and during special elections held in states where the government commands only a small majority. Overall, we find no evidence of positive welfare effects from the electoral manipulation of electricity supply. |
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0047-2727 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2029 |
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| Author |
Bassani, M.; Mutani, G. |
| Title |
Effects of Environmental Lighting Conditions on Operating Speeds on Urban Arterials |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transportation Research Record |
| Volume |
2298 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
78-87 |
| Keywords |
Lighting; Public Safety |
| Abstract |
Driver behavior is influenced by environmental lighting conditions on roads; in the literature, many studies report a reduced night–day accident ratio following improvements to lighting on different types of roads, with the results classified by severity and type of accident. Few studies, however, report the influence of lighting conditions on driver speed. This study investigates the principal factors that influence driver speed on arterial roads in Turin, Italy. The aim of this study was to analyze driver speed under different daylight and nighttime lighting conditions. Six arterial roads were selected for observation and the measurement of speeds and illuminance on the pavement surface. The results showed that illuminance, in addition to factors such as lane position, lane width, and the relevant speed limit, should be considered a variable that can influence driver speed. The study used a regression equation to predict operating speeds (V85) on urban arterials; the corresponding sensitivity analysis has made it possible to quantify the effects of the aforementioned variables on operating speed under different environmental lighting conditions. |
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0361-1981 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2872 |
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| Author |
Batra, T.; Malik, I.; Prabhat, A.; Bhardwaj, S.K.; Kumar, V. |
| Title |
Sleep in unnatural times: illuminated night negatively affects sleep and associated hypothalamic gene expressions in diurnal zebra finches |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
287 |
Issue |
1928 |
Pages |
20192952 |
| Keywords |
Animals; bird; dim light at night; gene expression; hypothalamus; sleep; zebra finch |
| Abstract |
We investigated the effects of exposure at ecologically relevant levels of dim light at night (dLAN) on sleep and the 24 h hypothalamic expression pattern of genes involved in the circadian timing (per2, bmal1, reverb-beta, cry1, ror-alpha, clock) and sleep regulatory pathways (cytokines: tlr4, tnf-alpha, il-1beta, nos; Ca(2+)-dependent pathway: camk2, sik3, nr3a; cholinergic receptor, achm3) in diurnal female zebra finches. Birds were exposed to 12 h light (150 lux) coupled with 12 h of absolute darkness or of 5 lux dim light for three weeks. dLAN fragmented the nocturnal sleep in reduced bouts, and caused sleep loss as evidenced by reduced plasma oxalate levels. Under dLAN, the 24 h rhythm of per2, but not bmal1 or reverb-beta, showed a reduced amplitude and altered peak expression time; however, clock, ror-alpha and cry1 expressions showed an abolition of the 24 h rhythm. Decreased tlr4, il-1beta and nos, and the lack of diurnal difference in achm3 messenger RNA levels suggested an attenuated inhibition of the arousal system (hence, awake state promotion) under dLAN. Similarly, changes in camk2, sik3 and nr3a expressions suggested dLAN-effects on Ca(2+)-dependent sleep-inducing pathways. These results demonstrate dLAN-induced negative effects on sleep and associated hypothalamic molecular pathways, and provide insights into health risks of illuminated night exposures to diurnal animals. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India |
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English |
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Edition |
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0962-8452 |
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| Notes |
PMID:32517617 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2995 |
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