| Records |
| Author |
Petržala, J.; Kocifaj, M. |
| Title |
Research on spectral factors towards determining nocturnal ground irradiance under overcast sky conditions in densely populated regions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
189 |
Issue |
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Pages |
126-132 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
Light pollution is closely correlated with the meteorological factors, specifically cloudiness that is one of the major amplifiers of night sky radiances in urban regions. Although the decisive effects of cloud deck on artificial nighttime skyglow have been recognized experimentally, the radiative transfer modelling in a heterogeneous nocturnal environment illuminated from many light sources is a non-trivial problem that is difficult to solve both theoretically and numerically. A satisfactorily accurate evaluation of ground-reaching diffuse light is, however, an important issue as some optical properties (e.g. horizontal irradiance) are usually difficult to obtain with common instruments. Overcast sky represents a special class of situations in which clouds can act as amplifiers of the light pollution of the city.
In this paper we proceeded with a simple two-stream approach to solve the scalar radiative transfer equation (RTE) under overcast conditions. The technique we are using allows for a rapid prediction of ground irradiances in densely populated regions assuming various emission functions. We have shown that the classical RTE concept can be adopted in determining the diffuse irradiance, while the model abilities are illustrated in a set of numerical experiments for low and high turbidity states. |
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0022-4073 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2034 |
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| Author |
Stevens, R.G. |
| Title |
Comment on 'Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105 000 UK women in the Generations Study' |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
British Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Cancer |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Commentary; Human Health |
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| Address |
University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA. bugs@uchc.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0007-0920 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30283145 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2035 |
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| Author |
Leise, T.L.; Goldberg, A.; Michael, J.; Montoya, G.; Solow, S.; Molyneux, P.; Vetrivelan, R.; Harrington, M.E. |
| Title |
Recurring circadian disruption alters circadian clock sensitivity to resetting |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The European Journal of Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur J Neurosci |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
A single phase advance of the light:dark (LD) cycle can temporarily disrupt synchrony of neural circadian rhythms within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and between the SCN and peripheral tissues. Compounding this, modern life can involve repeated disruptive light conditions. To model chronic disruption to the circadian system, we exposed male mice to more than a month of a 20 h light cycle (LD10:10), which mice typically cannot entrain to. Control animals were housed under LD12:12. We measured locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms in vivo, and rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence in SCN and peripheral tissues ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we discovered strong effects of the time of dissection on circadian phase of PER2::LUC bioluminescent rhythms, which varied across tissues. White adipose tissue was strongly reset by dissection, while thymus phase appeared independent of dissection timing. Prior light exposure impacted the SCN, resulting in strong resetting of SCN phase by dissection for mice housed under LD10:10, and weak phase shifts by time of dissection in SCN from control LD12:12 mice. These findings suggest that exposure to circadian disruption may desynchronize SCN neurons, increasing network sensitivity to perturbations. We propose that tissues with a weakened circadian network, such as the SCN under disruptive light conditions, or with little to no coupling, e.g., some peripheral tissues, will show increased resetting effects. In particular, exposure to light at inconsistent circadian times on a recurring weekly basis disrupts circadian rhythms and alters sensitivity of the SCN neural pacemaker to dissection time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, 01063, USA |
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English |
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0953-816X |
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PMID:30269396 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2036 |
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| Author |
Wurtman, R.J. |
| Title |
The Pineal and Endocrine Function |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Hospital Practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hospital Practice |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
32-37 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Recognition that levels of hormonal secretion vary markedly from day to night has triggered intensive investigation into the influence of environmental light upon endocrine function. These studies have pointed to the pineal gland as a major mediator of a wide variety of hormonal responses involving the gonads, thyroid, and pituitary, and the hypothalamus and other regions of the brain. |
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Human Health |
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2154-8331 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2037 |
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| Author |
Li, K.; Chen, Y.; Li, Y. |
| Title |
The Random Forest-Based Method of Fine-Resolution Population Spatialization by Using the International Space Station Nighttime Photography and Social Sensing Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1650 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Despite the importance of high-resolution population distribution in urban planning, disaster prevention and response, region economic development, and improvement of urban habitant environment, traditional urban investigations mainly focused on large-scale population spatialization by using coarse-resolution nighttime light (NTL) while few efforts were made to fine-resolution population mapping. To address problems of generating small-scale population distribution, this paper proposed a method based on the Random Forest Regression model to spatialize a 25 m population from the International Space Station (ISS) photography and urban function zones generated from social sensing data—point-of-interest (POI). There were three main steps, namely HSL (hue saturation lightness) transformation and saturation calibration of ISS, generating functional-zone maps based on point-of-interest, and spatializing population based on the Random Forest model. After accuracy assessments by comparing with WorldPop, the proposed method was validated as a qualified method to generate fine-resolution population spatial maps. In the discussion, this paper suggested that without help of auxiliary data, NTL cannot be directly employed as a population indicator at small scale. The Variable Importance Measure of the RF model confirmed the correlation between features and population and further demonstrated that urban functions performed better than LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) in small-scale population mapping. Urban height was also shown to improve the performance of population disaggregation due to its compensation of building volume. To sum up, this proposed method showed great potential to disaggregate fine-resolution population and other urban socio-economic attributes. |
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2072-4292 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2038 |
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