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Author |
Lu, Y.; Coops, N.C. |
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Title |
Bright lights, big city: Causal effects of population and GDP on urban brightness |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages  |
e0199545 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Cities are arguably both the cause, and answer, to societies' current sustainability issues. Urbanization is the interplay between a city's physical growth and its socio-economic development, both of which consume a substantial amount of energy and resources. Knowledge of the underlying driver(s) of urban expansion facilitates not only academic research but, more importantly, bridges the gap between science, policy drafting, and practical urban management. An increasing number of researchers are recognizing the benefits of innovative remotely sensed datasets, such as nighttime lights data (NTL), as a proxy to map urbanization and subsequently examine the driving socio-economic variables in cities. We further these approaches, by taking a trans-pacific view, and examine how an array of socio-economic ind0icators of 25 culturally and economically important urban hubs relate to long term patterns in NTL for the past 21 years. We undertake a classic econometric approach-panel causality tests which allow analysis of the causal relationships between NTL and socio-economic development across the region. The panel causality test results show a contrasting effect of population and gross domestic product (GDP) on NTL in fast, and slowly, changing cities. Information derived from this study quantitatively chronicles urban activities in the pan-Pacific region and potentially offers data for studies that spatially track local progress of sustainable urban development goals. |
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Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Forest Recourses Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29995923 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1963 |
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Author |
Rydell, J.; Elfstrom, M.; Eklof, J.; Sanchez-Navarro, S. |
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Title |
Dramatic decline of northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii in Sweden over 30 years |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R Soc Open Sci |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
191754 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Lepidoptera; climate change; light pollution; line transects; long-term monitoring; population decline |
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Abstract |
We monitored northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) acoustically along a 27 km road transect at weekly intervals in 1988, 1989 and 1990, and again in 2016 and 2017. The methodology of data collection and the transect were the same throughout, except that the insect-attracting mercury-vapour street-lights along parts of the road were replaced by sodium lights between the two survey periods. Counts along sections of the transect with and without street-lights were analysed separately. The frequency of bat encounters in unlit sections showed an average decline of 3.0% per year, corresponding to a reduction of 59% between 1988 and 2017. Sections with street-lights showed an 85% decline over the same period (6.3% per year). The decline represents a real reduction in the abundance of bats rather than an artefact of changed distribution of bats away from roads. Our study conforms with another long-term survey of the same species on the Baltic island of Gotland. Our results agree with predictions based on climate change models. They also indicate that the decline was caused directly by the disuse of the insect-attracting mercury-vapour street-lights, which may have resulted in lower availability of preferred prey (moths). In the 1980s, E. nilssonii was considered the most common bat in Sweden, but the subsequent decline would rather qualify it for vulnerable or endangered status in the national Red List of Threatened Species. |
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Biology Department, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden |
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2054-5703 |
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PMID:32257332; PMCID:PMC7062070 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3023 |
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Foster, J.J.; Kirwan, J.D.; El Jundi, B.; Smolka, J.; Khaldy, L.; Baird, E.; Byrne, M.J.; Nilsson, D.-E.; Johnsen, S.; Dacke, M. |
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Title |
Orienting to polarized light at night – matching lunar skylight to performance in a nocturnal beetle |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
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Volume |
222 |
Issue |
Pt 2 |
Pages |
jeb188532 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Natural skylight; insects; South African dung beetle; Escarabaeus satyrus; polarized light; Orientation |
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Abstract |
For polarized light to inform behaviour, the typical range of degrees of polarization observable in the animal's natural environment must be above the threshold for detection and interpretation. Here, we present the first investigation of the degree of linear polarization threshold for orientation behaviour in a nocturnal species, with specific reference to the range of degrees of polarization measured in the night sky. An effect of lunar phase on the degree of polarization of skylight was found, with smaller illuminated fractions of the moon's surface corresponding to lower degrees of polarization in the night sky. We found that the South African dung beetle Escarabaeus satyrus can orient to polarized light for a range of degrees of polarization similar to that observed in diurnal insects, reaching a lower threshold between 0.04 and 0.32, possibly as low as 0.11. For degrees of polarization lower than 0.23, as measured on a crescent moon night, orientation performance was considerably weaker than that observed for completely linearly polarized stimuli, but was nonetheless stronger than in the absence of polarized light. |
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Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Solvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden |
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0022-0949 |
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PMID:30530838 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2599 |
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Author |
Bharti, N.; Tatem, A.J. |
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Title |
Fluctuations in anthropogenic nighttime lights from satellite imagery for five cities in Niger and Nigeria |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Data |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Data |
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Volume |
5 |
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Pages |
180256 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Dynamic measures of human populations are critical for global health management but are often overlooked, largely because they are difficult to quantify. Measuring human population dynamics can be prohibitively expensive in under-resourced communities. Satellite imagery can provide measurements of human populations, past and present, to complement public health analyses and interventions. We used anthropogenic illumination from publicly accessible, serial satellite nighttime images as a quantifiable proxy for seasonal population variation in five urban areas in Niger and Nigeria. We identified population fluxes as the mechanistic driver of regional seasonal measles outbreaks. Our data showed 1) urban illumination fluctuated seasonally, 2) corresponding population fluctuations were sufficient to drive seasonal measles outbreaks, and 3) overlooking these fluctuations during vaccination activities resulted in below-target coverage levels, incapable of halting transmission of the virus. We designed immunization solutions capable of achieving above-target coverage of both resident and mobile populations. Here, we provide detailed data on brightness from 2000-2005 for 5 cities in Niger and Nigeria and detailed methodology for application to other populations. |
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WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton; Flowminder Foundation, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK |
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ISSN |
2052-4463 |
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Notes |
PMID:30422123; PMCID:PMC6233255 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2769 |
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Author |
Sharma, A.; Goyal, R. |
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Title |
Long-term exposure to constant light induces dementia, oxidative stress and promotes aggregation of sub-pathological Abeta42 in Wistar rats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pharmacol Biochem Behav |
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Volume |
in press |
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Pages |
172892 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Amyloid beta; Behavior, fluoxetine, rifampicin; Oxidative stress |
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Abstract |
Constant exposure to light is prevalent in modern society where light noise, shift work, and jet lag is common. Constant light exposure disrupts circadian rhythm, induces stress and thus influences memory performance. We subjected adult male Wistar rats to a two-month exposure to constant light (LL), constant dark or normal light-dark cycles. Significant cognitive impairment and oxidative stress were observed in LL rats without a significant elevation in soluble Abeta1-42 levels. Next, we examined whether long-term exposure to constant light may accelerate dementia in a sub-pathological Abeta model of rats. Normal control rats received ACSF, AD rats received 440pmol, and sub-pathological Abeta rats (Abeta(s)) received 220pmol of human Abeta42 peptide in a single unilateral ICV administration. Sub-pathological Abeta rats exposed to constant light (LL+Abeta(s)) show significant memory deficits and oxidative damage, although not significantly different from LL rats. Additionally, constant light promoted aggregation of exogenous Abeta42 in LL+Abeta(s) rats shown by the presence of congophilic plaques. Furthermore, chronic fluoxetine treatment (5mg/kg/day) rescued rats from the behavioral deficits, oxidative damage and amyloid aggregation. Whereas, rifampicin treatment (20mg/kg/day) did not reverse the behavioral deficits or oxidative stress but rescued rats from amyloid plaque formation. It was concluded that constant light for two months induces behavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and accelerates aggregation of sub-pathological concentrations of human-Abeta42 peptides in Wistar rats, which is reversed by daily fluoxetine administration. |
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Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India. Electronic address: rohitgoyal@shooliniuniversity.com |
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0091-3057 |
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PMID:32142744 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2841 |
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