| Records |
| Author |
Bará, S., Ulla, A. |
| Title |
Light Pollution in the Galician Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park 2018 Report |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Keywords |
Conservation; Spain; Galicia; Europe; national park |
| Abstract |
The Galician Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park (PNMTIAG), with the exception of the island of Cortegada, still has night skies of acceptable quality. However, the PNMTIAG islands are under strong photic pressures, both internal and external, that hinder the preservation of the basic features of the natural night, and call for an immediate action of all concerned stakeholders |
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| Publisher |
USC Tragsa |
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| Language |
Galician |
Summary Language |
Galician |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2187 |
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| Author |
Meier, J. |
| Title |
Contentious Light: An Analytical Framework for Lighting Conflicts |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
62-77 |
| Keywords |
Society; Lighting; Planning |
| Abstract |
This paper takes into view the broad range of contemporary conflicts regarding outdoor lighting. It proposes a working-definition that allows for differentiating lighting conflicts from other forms of lighting-related contention, as well as an analytical framework that allows for the structured description of individual lighting conflicts, and the comparative analysis of multiple cases. The analytical framework was developed based on the social-scientific analysis of media reports of existing conflict cases in Europe and North America, and informed by existing knowledge from the fields of lighting and conflict studies. A central challenge for developing such a framework is dealing with the high level of contingency and complexity of lighting conflicts. The framework reduces this complexity by focusing its field of vision to those aspects that are directly related to the lighting and its contestation. For each of these aspects, it provides sets of descriptive variables that allow for describing the conflicts’ individuality in a standardized – and thus comparable – way. The framework strictly separates the regarded aspects from their judgment by the conflict parties, making it possible to contrast their views on one and the same lighting situation. A visual template supports the process of analysis. It allows for depicting individual cases in short, and for clearly identifying where perspectives differ. At the multiple-case level, the framework not only opens up possibilities for spatial and temporal comparisons of lighting conflicts and the subsequent development of typologies, but also for harnessing their potential for informing the development of more sustainable planning and policy approaches for artificial lighting. |
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Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; josiane.meier(at)tu-berlin.de |
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IJSL |
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| Language |
English |
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English |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2190 |
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| Author |
Wallace, H. D. |
| Title |
Electric Lighting Policy in the Federal Government, 1880-2016 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
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| Keywords |
History; Policy; Lighting |
| Abstract |
Federal policies have targeted electric lighting since the 1880s with varying success. This dissertation examines the history of those policies to understand policy makers’ intent and how their decisions affected the course of events. This qualitative study poses three research questions: How have changes in lamp efficacy affected policy development? How and why have federal policies targeted electric lighting? How have private sector actors adapted public policy to further their own goals? The analysis uses an interdisciplinary approach taking advantage of overlapping methodologies drawn from policy and political sciences, economics, and the history of technology. The concepts of path dependency, context, and actor networks are especially important. Adoption of electric lighting spurred the construction of complex and capital intensive infrastructures now considered indispensable, and lighting always consumed a significant fraction of US electric power. Engineers and scientists created many lamps over the decades, in part to meet a growing demand for energy efficient products. Invention and diffusion of those lamps occurred amid changing standards and definitions of efficiency, shifting relations between network actors, and the development of path dependencies that constrained efforts to affect change. Federal actors typically used lighting policy to conserve resources, promote national security, or to symbolically emphasize the onset of a national crisis. The study shows that after an initial introductory phase, lighting-specific policies developed during two distinct periods. The earlier period consisted of intermittent, crisis-driven federal interventions of mixed success. The later period featured a sustained engagement between public and private sectors wherein incremental adjustments achieved policy goals. A time of transition occurred between the two main periods during which technical, economic, and political contexts changed, while several core social values remained constant. In both early and later periods, private sector actors used policy opportunities to further commercial goals, a practice that public sector actors in the later period used to promote policy acceptance. Recently enacted energy standards removing ordinary incandescent lamps in favor of high efficiency lamps mark the end of the later period. Apparent success means that policy makers should reconsider how they use lighting to achieve future goals. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Maryland |
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English |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2210 |
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| Author |
Clayson, Hollis |
| Title |
Illuminated Paris, Essays on Art and Lighting in the Belle Époque |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2019 |
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| Keywords |
History; Society; Art |
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Chicago |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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English |
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9780226593869 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2231 |
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| Author |
Zielinska-Dabkowska, K. M. & Xavia, K. |
| Title |
An overview of the cognitive and biological effects of city nighttime illumination including a London case study |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The Centre for Conscious Design |
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Lighting |
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Current scientific research demonstrates how critical the effects of city nighttime illumination are upon cognitive and biological health1 – which needs to be adequately acknowledged, understood and addressed by conscious cities and the plans they develop. Until recent decades, the design of nighttime lighting was determined mostly by electrical engineers who often applied technical standards to meet the requirements of vehicle-focused cities. Unfortunately, consideration of pedestrians and their visual needs to navigate throughout urbanscapes at night were ignored, and so too, was the impact that artificial lighting might have on them, and the environment. Today, the majority of urban city lighting has been installed without full awareness of its impact, and as a result, artificial light at night (ALAN) and light pollution have become an obvious public nuisance, a health risk and an environmental burden2,3. While poor lighting has its drawbacks, a lack of lighting can have many positive aspects, and urban settings can benefit from protecting, preserving and promoting natural darkness. We present two recent planning and design initiatives of London, in the UK, where the quality of light and value of darkness were not given the degree of attention and consideration they deserve. This paper has particular relevance for urban policy makers, city planners, architects, designers, consultants and researchers as it explores the various problems caused by the obvious lack of responsible nighttime illumination. |
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no |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2296 |
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