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Stock, D. M. |
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Title |
LOCALIZED LIGHT SENSORY IN RELATION TO GRAZING ACTIVITY OF ECHINOMETRA MATHAEI |
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2018 |
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Animals |
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This paper offers insight on the regulation of nocturnal behavior in burrowing sea urchin Echinometra mathaei of the Pacific. While it is known E. mathaei maintains nocturnal hours of activity (primarily grazing, burrowing, and locomotion), it is unknown whether this pattern follows a circadian rhythm or responds to local conditions of darkness. Varying light treatments were tested to determine potential manipulation of active behavior and explore potential for habitat destruction. Light manipulation was used to determine the role light sensory plays in the regulation of normal behavior. First utilizing gradual manipulation and later utilizing sudden manipulation to differentiate response to light stimuli. It was determined that while E. mathaei maintains nocturnal
activity via localized light sensory, manipulation of latent hours could not be significantly reproduced. It was found that while light manipulation can be responsible for simulating hours of activity, light manipulation cannot replicate latent hours. Upon exploration of predator response capability in E. mathaei following manipulation, it was found that individuals exposed to prolonged periods of artificial light had slower predation response times than individuals acclimated to a regular pattern of light exposure. These findings connect potential habitat degradation via grazing behaviors of E. mathaei to anthropogenic activity in Mo’orea, French Polynesia. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2653 |
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Schulte-Römer, N. |
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What is French about the “French fear of darkness”? The co-production of imagined communities of light and energy |
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2019 |
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Journal of Energy History Revue d'Histoire de l'Energie |
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2 |
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History; Society; Energy; Lighting; France |
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This essay takes expert assumptions about light preferences as a starting point for a historical inquiry into what I call imagined sociotechnical communities of light and energy. My argument is that historical energy supply systems produced these imaginaries and vice versa, shifting the scales at which public lighting was envisioned and darkness was acceptable. While in the 17th C. dark streets were the norm and even the illumination of single streets was publically contested, innovators of the 18th C. imagined gas light and energy on an urban scale. In the 20th C., electric lighting promoted electrification and the electricity supply systems in countries like France allowed experts to think and standardize lighting at a national level. In the 21st C. the expert imaginary of a light-loving French people is challenged by public environmental concern. |
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Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Germany |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2709 |
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DeCoursey, W., Braun, D., & Oza, J. |
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Pedestrian Lighting, Acceptable Levels of Light: A Pilot Project |
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2019 |
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Institute for Public Administration |
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Lighting; Public Safety; Security |
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This pilot project study was intended to demonstrate that assessing the adequacy of an area’s pedestrian lighting need not be an expensive, time-consuming, or overly complicated process. Though the discussion of methods of pedestrian lighting can become quite technical and involved, as demonstrated in a 2016 IPA report on the topic, “Delaware Transportation Lighting Inventory & Assessment” (http://www.ipa.udel.edu/publications/transportationlighting-2016.pdf), simply observing and recording light levels in a given study area is quite straightforward. |
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2710 |
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Wuchterl, G.; Reithofer, M. |
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Licht über Wien V |
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2017 |
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Skyglow |
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Die hier präsentierte Studie gibt einen detaillierten Überblick zur Entwicklung derLichtverschmutzung über dem Stadtgebiet von Wien in den Jahren 2011 bis 2017 und bietet einePrognose bis 2020. Damit ist international erstmals eine Langzeitstudie über die Entwicklung derLichtverschmutzung einer Großstadt verfügbar. Im Rahmen der begleitenden Untersuchungen sindAussagen über die Verursacher und ihre spezifischen Anteile an der Lichtverschmutzung Wiensmöglich. Die aktuelle Umrüstung auf LED-Technik wird diskutiert und findet Eingang in diePrognose. Neue Messungen und Analysen von internationalen Teams werden kurz vorgestellt undbezüglich ihrer Relevanz vergleichend mit unserer Studie diskutiert. |
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German |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2717 |
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Wuchterl, G.; Reithofer, M. |
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Licht über Wien VI |
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2018 |
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Skyglow |
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Im Zentrum Wiens sättigt die Erhellung der Nacht, am Stadtrand sinken die jährlichen Zuwächse, wäh-rend im Abstand von 36 Kilometern (Großmugl) die Nächte um 10 % pro Jahr heller werden.Der Gesamtaufwand der Wiener Lichtglocke liegt 2018 bei 37 MW. Der Verlauf von 2011 bis 2018 zeigt ein deutliches Lichtmaximum um 2014 und 2015. Danach stellen wir einen allmählichen Rückgang fest.Der Verlauf der Lichtglocke und noch deutlicher jener der Einzelstationen zeigt signifikante Schwankun-gen von Jahr zu Jahr. Zur Aufklärung der Ursachen, die weder astronomisch noch meteorologisch sind, wur-den monatliche Analysen des Lichtmessnetzes mit Daten des Luftmessnetzes der Wiener MA 22 kombiniert. Die natürliche Variation über das Jahr wurde genutzt, um Zusammenhänge zwischen den Monatsmedianen von Luftfeuchtigkeit und Feinstaub mit jenen der Globalstrahlungsdaten zu suchen.Von 2016 bis 2018 korrelieren die Globalstrahlungswerte mit der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit und den Feinstaubwerten (PM10 und PM2,5). Die engste Beziehung besteht auf der Kuffner-Sternwarte, wo eine Verdoppelung der Luftfeuchtigkeit statistisch von einer Verzehnfachung der Globalstrahlung begleitet wird. Die gefundenen Relationen sind über einen Faktor 100 in der Globalstrahlung äußerst robust und die Koeffizienten der Relationen sind an allen Stationen sehr homogen.Damit stehen gut bestimmte Zusammenhänge zwischen der Luftgüte und dem Zustand der klaren Atmo-sphäre zur Verfügung. Das wird es erlauben, Lichtmessnetze auf Standardatmosphären zu beziehen und damit eine wesentlich bessere Vergleichbarkeit der Daten zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten herzustellen.- 130 Gigawattstunden Jahresaufwand für die Wiener Lichtglocke- 8 Jahre Vermessung der Lichtglocke zeigen Ansätze eines Rückgangs der Lichtflut- Mehr Feinstaub bewirkt überproportional mehr Lichtverschmutzung |
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German |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2718 |
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