| Records |
| Author |
Fotios, S. |
| Title |
Using Category Rating to Evaluate the Lit Environment: Is a Meaningful Opinion Captured? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Leukos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Leukos |
| Volume |
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Issue  |
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Pages |
1-16 |
| Keywords |
Psychology |
| Abstract |
Do responses gained using category rating accurately reflect respondents’ true evaluations of an item? “True” in this sense means that they have a real opinion about the issue, rather than being compelled by the survey to speculate an opinion, and that the strength of that opinion is faithfully captured. This article describes some common issues that suggest that it should not be simply assumed that a response gained using category rating reflects a true evaluation. That assumption requires an experiment to have been carefully designed and interpreted, and examples are shown where this is not the case. The article offers recommendations for good practice. |
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Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1550-2724 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2270 |
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| Author |
Levin, N.; Ali, S.; Crandall, D.; Kark, S. |
| Title |
World Heritage in danger: Big data and remote sensing can help protect sites in conflict zones |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Global Environmental Change |
Abbreviated Journal |
Global Environmental Change |
| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
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Pages |
97-104 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
World Heritage sites provide a key mechanism for protecting areas of universal importance. However, fifty-four UNESCO sites are currently listed as “In Danger”, with 40% of these located in the Middle East. Since 2010 alone, thirty new sites were identified as under risk globally. We combined big-data and remote sensing to examine whether they can effectively be used to identify danger to World Heritage in near real-time. We found that armed-conflicts substantially threaten both natural- and cultural-heritage listed sites. Other major risks include poor management and development (globally), poaching (Africa mostly) and deforestation (tropics), yet conflict is the most prominent threat. We show that news-mining of big-data on conflicts and remote sensing of nights-lights enabled us to identify conflict afflicted areas in near real-time. These findings provide a crucial avenue for developing a global transparent early-warning system before irreversible damage to world heritage takes place. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0959-3780 |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2279 |
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| Author |
Stone, T.; Santoni de Sio, F.; Vermaas, P.E. |
| Title |
Driving in the Dark: Designing Autonomous Vehicles for Reducing Light Pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Science and Engineering Ethics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Eng Ethics |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-17 |
| Keywords |
Society; Darkness; Planning; Public Safety; Design for values |
| Abstract |
This paper proposes that autonomous vehicles should be designed to reduce light pollution. In support of this specific proposal, a moral assessment of autonomous vehicles more comprehensive than the dilemmatic life-and-death questions of trolley problem-style situations is presented. The paper therefore consists of two interrelated arguments. The first is that autonomous vehicles are currently still a technology in development, and not one that has acquired its definitive shape, meaning the design of both the vehicles and the surrounding infrastructure is open-ended. Design for values is utilized to articulate a path forward, by which engineering ethics should strive to incorporate values into a technology during its development phase. Second, it is argued that nighttime lighting-a critical supporting infrastructure-should be a prima facie consideration for autonomous vehicles during their development phase. It is shown that a reduction in light pollution, and more boldly a better balance of lighting and darkness, can be achieved via the design of future autonomous vehicles. Two case studies are examined (parking lots and highways) through which autonomous vehicles may be designed for “driving in the dark.” Nighttime lighting issues are thus inserted into a broader ethics of autonomous vehicles, while simultaneously introducing questions of autonomous vehicles into debates about light pollution. |
| Address |
Department Ethics/Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1353-3452 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30903370 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2277 |
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| Author |
Zhang, X.; Yang, W.; Liang, W.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, S. |
| Title |
Intensity dependent disruptive effects of light at night on activation of the HPG axis of tree sparrows (Passer montanus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environmental Pollution |
| Volume |
249 |
Issue |
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Pages |
904-909 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Birds; hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis; HPG axis; wild tree sparrow; Passer montanus; endocrine |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) has become increasingly recognized as a disruptor of the reproductive endocrine process and behavior of wild birds. However, there is no evidence that ALAN directly disrupt the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and no information on the effects of different ALAN intensities on birds. We experimentally tested whether ALAN affects reproductive endocrine activation in the HPG axis of birds, and whether this effect is related to the intensity of ALAN, in wild tree sparrows (Passer montanus). Forty-eight adult female birds were randomly assigned to four groups. They were first exposed to a short light photoperiod (8 h light and 16 h dark per day) for 20 days, then exposed to a long light photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark per day) to initiate the reproductive endocrine process. During these two kinds of photoperiod treatments, the four groups of birds were exposed to 0, 85, 150, and 300 lux light in the dark phase (night) respectively. The expression of the reproductive endocrine activation related TSH-β, Dio2 and GnRH-I gene was significantly higher in birds exposed to 85 lux light at night, and significantly lower in birds exposed to 150 and 300 lux, relative to the 0 lux control. The birds exposed to 85 lux had higher peak values of plasma LH and estradiol concentration and reached the peak earlier than birds exposed to 0, 150, or 300 lux did. The lower gene expression of birds exposed to 150 and 300 lux reduced their peak LH and estradiol values, but did not delay the timing of these peaks compared to the control group. These results reveal that low intensity ALAN accelerates the activation of the reproductive endocrine process in the HPG axis, whereas high intensity ALAN retards it. |
| Address |
College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0269-7491 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2281 |
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| Author |
Mohamad, Y.; Haim, A.; Elsalam, Z.A. |
| Title |
Altered metabolic and hormonal responses in male rats exposed to acute bright light-at-night associated with global DNA hypo-methylation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology |
| Volume |
194 |
Issue |
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Pages |
107-118 |
| Keywords |
Animals; mouse models |
| Abstract |
The association between light pollution and disruption of daily rhythms, metabolic and hormonal disorders, as well as cancer progression is well-recognized. These adverse effects could be due to nocturnal melatonin suppression. The signaling pathway by which light pollution affects metabolism and endocrine responses is unclear. We studied the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN1) on body mass, food and water intake, daily rhythms of body temperature, serum glucose and insulin in male rats. Daily rhythms of urine production and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT2), as well as global DNA methylation in pancreas and liver tissues were also assessed. Mass gain was higher in ALAN rats compared with controls. Food intake, water consumption, glucose, insulin, and 6-SMT levels markedly lessened in response to ALAN. Conversely, urine production and body temperature were elevated in ALAN rats compared with controls. Significant 24-h rhythms were detected for all variables that were altered in mesor, amplitude, and acrophase occurrences under ALAN conditions. DNA hypo-methylation was detected in ALAN pancreatic tissue compared with controls, but not in hepatic tissue. Overall, ALAN affects metabolic and hormonal physiology in different levels in which flexible crosstalk between melatonin and both epigenetics and metabolic levels expressed as body temperature rhythm, is suggested to mediate the environmental exposure at the molecular level and subsequently physiology is altered. The flexibility of epigenetic modifications provides a potential therapeutic target for rectifying ALAN adverse effects by epigenetic markers such as melatonin and behavioral lifestyle interventions for confining ALAN exposures as much as possible. |
| Address |
Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1011-1344 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2282 |
| Permanent link to this record |
