| Records |
| Author |
Mammola, S.; Isaia, M.; Demonte, D.; Triolo, P.; Nervo, M. |
| Title |
Artificial lighting triggers the presence of urban spiders and their webs on historical buildings |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Landscape and Urban Planning |
Abbreviated Journal |
Landscape and Urban Planning |
| Volume |
180 |
Issue |
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Pages |
187-194 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Lighting |
| Abstract |
Different spider species living in the urban environment spin their webs on building facades. Due to air pollution, web aggregations entrap dirt particles over time, assuming a brownish-greyish colouration and thus determining an aesthetic impact on buildings and street furniture. In Europe, the most common species causing such an aesthetic nuisance is Brigittea civica (Lucas) (Dictynidae). In spite of the socio-economical relevance of the problem, the ecological factors driving the proliferation of this species in the urban environment are poorly described and the effectiveness of potential cleaning activities has never been discussed in scientific literature. Over one year, we studied the environmental drivers of B. civica webs in the arcades of the historical down-town district of Turin (NW-Italy). We selected a number of sampling plots on arcade ceilings and we estimated the density of B. civica webs by means of digital image analysis. In parallel, we collected information on a number of potential explanatory variables driving the arcade colonization, namely artificial lighting at night, substrate temperature, distance from the main artificial light sources and distance from the river. Regression analysis showed that the coverage of spider webs increased significantly at plots with higher light intensity, with a major effect related to the presence of historical lampposts with incandescent lamps rather than halogen lamps. We also detected a seasonal variation in the web coverage, with significant higher values in summer. Stemming from our results, we are able to suggest good practices for the containment of this phenomenon. |
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| ISSN |
0169-2046 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2002 |
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| Author |
Tosini, G.; Ferguson, I.; Tubota, K. |
| Title |
Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Molecular Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Vis |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
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Pages |
61-72 |
| Keywords |
Vision; blue light; Circadian Rhythm; eye; physiology |
| Abstract |
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and tablets. Although the light emitted by most LEDs appears white, LEDs have peak emission in the blue light range (400–490 nm). The accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that exposure to blue light can affect many physiologic functions, and it can be used to treat circadian and sleep dysfunctions. However, blue light can also induce photoreceptor damage. Thus, it is important to consider the spectral output of LED-based light sources to minimize the danger that may be associated with blue light exposure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of blue light on the regulation of physiologic functions and the possible effects of blue light exposure on ocular health. |
| Address |
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA |
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| Publisher |
NCBI |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
1090-0535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2216 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Variations on a classical theme: On the formal relationship between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intl J of Sustainable Lighting |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
77 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; skyglow; luminance; magnitude; sky brigthness; photometry |
| Abstract |
The formal link between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance is discussed in this paper. Directly related to the human visual system, luminance is defined in terms of the spectral radiance of the source, weighted by the CIE V(l) luminous efficiency function, and scaled by the 683 lm/W luminous efficacy constant. In consequence, any exact and spectrum-independent relationship between luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond requires that the last ones be measured precisely in the CIE V(l) band. The luminance value corresponding to mVC=0 (zero-point of the CIE V(l) magnitude scale) depends on the reference source chosen for the definition of the magnitude system. Using absolute AB magnitudes, the zero point luminance of the CIE V(l) photometric band is 10.96 x 104 cd·m-2. |
| Address |
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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English |
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English |
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| ISSN |
2586-1247 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2162 |
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| Author |
Bará, S.; Escofet, J. |
| Title |
On lamps, walls, and eyes: The spectral radiance field and the evaluation of light pollution indoors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
J of Quant Spect and Rad Trans |
| Volume |
205 |
Issue |
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Pages |
267-277 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; Light pollution; Artificial light at night; Light field; Radiance field; Radiometry; Photometry |
| Abstract |
Light plays a key role in the regulation of different physiological processes, through several visual and non-visual retinal phototransduction channels whose basic features are being unveiled by recent research. The growing body of evidence on the significance of these effects has sparked a renewed interest in the determination of the light field at the entrance pupil of the eye in indoor spaces. Since photic interactions are strongly wavelength-dependent, a significant effort is being devoted to assess the relative merits of the spectra of the different types of light sources available for use at home and in the workplace. The spectral content of the light reaching the observer eyes in indoor spaces, however, does not depend exclusively on the sources: it is partially modulated by the spectral reflectance of the walls and surrounding surfaces, through the multiple reflections of the light beams along all possible paths from the source to the observer. This modulation can modify significantly the non-visual photic inputs that would be produced by the lamps alone, and opens the way for controlling—to a certain extent—the subject's exposure to different regions of the optical spectrum. In this work we evaluate the expected magnitude of this effect and we show that, for factorizable sources, the spectral modulation can be conveniently described in terms of a set of effective filter-like functions that provide useful insights for lighting design and light pollution assessment. The radiance field also provides a suitable bridge between indoor and outdoor light pollution studies. |
| Address |
Área de Óptica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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Elsevier |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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0022-4073 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2163 |
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| Author |
Kersavage, K.; Skinner, N.P.; Bullough, J.D.; Garvey, P.M.; Donnell, E.T.; Rea, M.S. |
| Title |
Investigation of flashing and intensity characteristics for vehicle-mounted warning beacons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Accident Analysis & Prevention |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accident Analysis & Prevention |
| Volume |
119 |
Issue |
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Pages |
23-28 |
| Keywords |
Security; Public Safety; Lighting |
| Abstract |
Reducing the potential for crashes involving front line service workers and passing vehicles is important for increasing worker safety in work zones and similar locations. Flashing yellow warning beacons are often used to protect, delineate, and provide visual information to drivers within and approaching work zones. A nighttime field study using simulated workers, with and without reflective vests, present outside trucks was conducted to evaluate the effects of different warning beacon intensities and flash frequencies. Interactions between intensity and flash frequency were also analyzed. This study determined that intensitiesof 25/2.5 cd and 150/15 cd (peak/trough intensity) provided the farthest detection distances of the simulated worker. Mean detection distances in response to a flash frequency of 1 Hz were not statistically different from those in response to 4 Hz flashing. Simulated workers wearing reflective vests were seen the farthest distances away from the trucks for all combinations of intensity and flash frequency. |
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| ISSN |
0001-4575 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1950 |
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