| Records |
| Author |
Smith, H.M.; Neaves, L.E.; Divljan, A. |
| Title |
Predation on cicadas by an Australian Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus based on DNA evidence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Australian Zoologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Australian Zoologist |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Historically, reports of insectivory in family Pteropodidae have largely been anecdotal and thought to be an incidental corollary of flying-foxes feeding on plant products. More recent direct observations of flying-foxes catching and consuming insects, as well as advances in techniques that increase our ability to detect dietary items, suggest that this behaviour may be deliberate and more common than previously thought. Usually, multiple insects are consumed, but it appears that flying-foxes hunt and eat them one at a time. However, we have collected and photographed oral ejecta pellets under trees with high flying-fox activity, some containing evidence of multiple masticated insects. Further genetic analysis proved that these pellets came from Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus. We propose that flying-foxes use an array of insect feeding strategies, most likely in response to variation in insect abundance and activity, as well as abiotic factors such as light and temperature. |
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0067-2238 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2148 |
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| Author |
Jechow, A.; Kolláth, Z.; Lerner, A.; Hänel, A.; Shashar, N.; Hölker, F.; Kyba, C.C.M. |
| Title |
Measuring Light Pollution with Fisheye Lens Imagery from A Moving Boat–A Proof of Concept |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-25 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; Instrumentation |
| Abstract |
Near all-sky imaging photometry was performed from a boat on the Gulf of Aqaba to measure the night sky brightness in a coastal environment. The boat was not anchored, and therefore drifted and rocked. The camera was mounted on a tripod without any inertia/motion stabilization. A commercial digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera and fisheye lens were used with ISO setting of 6400, with the exposure time varied between 0.5 s and 5 s. We find that despite movement of the vessel the measurements produce quantitatively comparable results apart from saturation effects. We discuss the potential and limitations of this method for mapping light pollution in marine and freshwater systems. This work represents the proof of concept that all-sky photometry with a commercial DSLR camera is a viable tool to determine light pollution in an ecological context from a moving boat. |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2151 |
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| Author |
Fotios, S.; Monteiro, A.L.; Uttley, J. |
| Title |
Evaluation of pedestrian reassurance gained by higher illuminances in residential streets using the day–dark approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Vision; Psychology; Security |
| Abstract |
A field study was conducted to investigate how changes in the illuminance affect pedestrian reassurance when walking after dark in an urban location. The field study was conducted in daytime and after dark in order to employ the day–dark approach to analysis of optimal lighting. The results suggest that minimum illuminance is a better predictor of reassurance than is mean illuminance. For a day–dark difference of 0.5 units on a 6-point response scale, the results suggest a minimum horizontal illuminance of approximately 2.0 lux. |
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1477-1535 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2159 |
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| Author |
Grunst, M.L.; Raap, T.; Grunst, A.S.; Pinxten, R.; Eens, M. |
| Title |
Artificial light at night does not affect telomere shortening in a developing free-living songbird: A field experiment |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science of The Total Environment |
| Volume |
662 |
Issue |
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Pages |
266-275 |
| Keywords |
Animals; birds; Great tit; Parus major; telomere shortening; Stress |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly pervasive anthropogenic disturbance factor. ALAN can seriously disrupt physiological systems that follow circadian rhythms, and may be particularly influential early in life, when developmental trajectories are sensitive to stressful conditions. Using great tits (Parus major) as a model species, we experimentally examined how ALAN affects physiological stress in developing nestlings. We used a repeated-measure design to assess effects of ALAN on telomere shortening, body mass, tarsus length and body condition. Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that protect chromosomes from damage and malfunction. Early-life telomere shortening can be accelerated by environmental stressors, and has been linked to later-life declines in survival and reproduction. We also assayed nitric oxide, as an additional metric of physiological stress, and determined fledging success. Change in body condition between day 8 and 15 differed according to treatment. Nestlings exposed to ALAN displayed a trend towards a decline in condition, whereas control nestlings displayed a trend towards increased condition. This pattern was driven by a greater increase in tarsus length relative to mass in nestlings exposed to ALAN. Nestlings in poorer condition and nestlings that were smaller than their nest mates had shorter telomeres. However, exposure to ALAN was unrelated to telomere shortening, and also had no effect on nitric oxide concentrations or fledging success. Thus, exposure to ALAN may not have led to sufficient stress to induce telomere shortening. Indeed, plasticity in other physiological systems could allow nestlings to maintain telomere length despite moderate stress. Alternatively, the cascade of physiological and behavioral responses associated with light exposure may have no net effect on telomere dynamics. |
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0048-9697 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2161 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Characterizing the zenithal night sky brightness in large territories: how many samples per square kilometre are needed? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
473 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
4164-4173 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; atmospheric effects; light pollution; numerical methods; photometry |
| Abstract |
A recurring question arises when trying to characterize, by means of measurements or theoretical calculations, the zenithal night sky brightness throughout a large territory: how many samples per square kilometre are needed? The optimum sampling distance should allow reconstructing, with sufficient accuracy, the continuous zenithal brightness map across the whole region, whilst at the same time avoiding unnecessary and redundant oversampling. This paper attempts to provide some tentative answers to this issue, using two complementary tools: the luminance structure function and the Nyquist–Shannon spatial sampling theorem. The analysis of several regions of the world, based on the data from the New world atlas of artificial night sky brightness, suggests that, as a rule of thumb, about one measurement per square kilometre could be sufficient for determining the zenithal night sky brightness of artificial origin at any point in a region to within ±0.1 magV arcsec–2 (in the root-mean-square sense) of its true value in the Johnson–Cousins V band. The exact reconstruction of the zenithal night sky brightness maps from samples taken at the Nyquist rate seems to be considerably more demanding. |
| Address |
1Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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Oxford Academic |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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0035-8711 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2164 |
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