| Records |
| Author |
Babadi, S.; Ramirez-Inguiez, R.; Boutaleb, T.; Mallick, T. |
| Title |
Producing uniform illumination within a rectangular area by using a nonimaging optic |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
31 |
Pages |
9357 |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
| Abstract |
This paper proposes a new design method to create a novel optical element to generate uniform illumination within a rectangular area. Based on this model, an illuminated area is irradiated by two sets of rays; the first one irradiates the target plane after refraction from the top section of the lens, and the second one irradiates from the reflection at the side profile of the lens and then from refraction at the top part of the lens. The results show that a uniformity of over 90% can be achieved. |
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| ISSN |
1559-128X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2046 |
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| Author |
Bergs, R.; Issa, M. |
| Title |
What do night satellite images and small-scale grid data tell us about functional changes in the rural-urban environment and the economy? Case studies Frankfurt-Rhein/Main and Ljubljana Urban Region |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
This study addresses how nocturnal satellite imagery can be used in spatial analysis of rural-urban relations. It shows how a novel approach can be used to complement the prevalent traditional survey methods below the data resolution level of official regional statistics. The overarching aim is to contribute with a novel database and different empirical tools to broaden spatial information for decision-making in policy and planning at small spatial scale amongst municipalities. The accuracy of spatial information is expected to be substantially enhanced, paving ways for better rural-urban planning coordination and synergies. |
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PRAC - Bergs & Issa Partnership Co. , Im Hopfengarten 19b, D - 65812 Bad Soden, Germany |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2047 |
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| Author |
Zhou, Y.; Li, X.; Asrar, G.R.; Smith, S.J.; Imhoff, M. |
| Title |
A global record of annual urban dynamics (1992–2013) from nighttime lights |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
| Volume |
219 |
Issue |
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Pages |
206-220 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
The nighttime light (NTL) observations from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescane System (DMSP/OLS) offer great potentials to study urban dynamics from regional to global scales, for more than two decades. In this paper, we presented a new approach to develop spatially and temporally consistent global urban maps from 1992 to 2013, using the DMSP/OLS NTL observations. First, potential urban clusters were delineated using the NTL data and a segmentation method. Then, a quantile-based approach was used to remove rural and suburban areas sequentially in the potential urban clusters. Finally, the derived series of urban extents in the entire study period (1992–2013) were improved for temporal consistency. We found the percentage of global urban areas relative to the world's land surface area increased from 0.23% in 1992 to 0.53% in 2013. Asia is the continent with the most significant urban growth, worldwide. The time series of global urban maps were evaluated for the spatial agreement and temporal consistency using a variety of widely used independent land-cover products. This evaluation indicates that the proposed approach is robust and performs well in deriving global urban dynamics across different spatial scales, i.e., cluster, province (or state), country, and region. Moreover, this quantile-based approach is advantageous, compared with other methods used in previous studies, because it does not require additional data for enhancement or calibration. The new time series of urban maps from this study offer a new dataset for studying global urbanization during the past decades and unique information to explore potential future trajectories of urban development, which appears to be distinct for different nations/regions, globally. Such information is pre-requisite for achieving the sustainable development goals, and associated targets, during ensuing decades. |
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0034-4257 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2048 |
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Dautovich, N.D.; Schreiber, D.R.; Imel, J.L.; Tighe, C.A.; Shoji, K.D.; Cyrus, J.; Bryant, N.; Lisech, A.; O'Brien, C.; Dzierzewski, J.M. |
| Title |
A systematic review of the amount and timing of light in association with objective and subjective sleep outcomes in community-dwelling adults |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Sleep Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sleep Health |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31–48 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Review; light timing; Sleep |
| Abstract |
Light is considered the dominant environmental cue, or zeitgeber, influencing the sleep-wake cycle. Despite recognizing the importance of light for our well-being, less is known about the specific conditions under which light is optimally associated with better sleep. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to examine the association between the amount and timing of light exposure in relation to sleep outcomes in healthy, community-dwelling adults. A systematic search was conducted of four databases from database inception to June 2016. In total, 45 studies met the review eligibility criteria with generally high study quality excepting for the specification of eligibility criteria and the justification of sample size. The majority of studies involved experimental manipulation of light (n = 32) vs observational designs (n = 13). Broad trends emerged suggesting that (1) bright light (>1000 lux) has positive implications for objectively assessed sleep outcomes compared to dim (<100 lux) and moderate light (100-1000 lux) and (2) bright light (>1000 lux) has positive implications for subjectively assessed sleep outcomes compared to moderate light (100-1000 lux). Effects due to the amount of light are moderated by the timing of light exposure such that, for objectively assessed sleep outcomes, brighter morning and evening light exposure are consistent with a shift in the timing of the sleep period to earlier and later in the day, respectively. For subjectively assessed sleep outcomes, brighter light delivered in the morning was associated with self-reported sleep improvements and brighter evening light exposure was associated with worse self-reported sleep. |
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Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 W Franklin St, Room 203, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018 USA; ndautovich(at)vcu.edu |
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National Sleep Foundation |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
2352-7218 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2050 |
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| Author |
Ernst, S.; Łabuz, M.; Środa, K.; Kotulski, L. |
| Title |
Graph-Based Spatial Data Processing and Analysis for More Efficient Road Lighting Design |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Sustainability |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sustainability |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
3850 |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
| Abstract |
The efficiency and affordability of modern street lighting equipment are improving quickly, but systems used to manage and design lighting installations seem to lag behind. One of their problems is the lack of consistent methods to integrate all relevant data. Tools used to manage lighting infrastructure are not aware of the geographic characteristics of the lit areas, and photometric calculation software requires a lot of manual editing by the designer, who needs to assess the characteristics of roads, define the segments, and assign the lighting classes according to standards. In this paper, we propose a graph-based method to integrate geospatial data from various sources to support the process of data preparation for photometric calculations. The method uses graph transformations to define segments and assign lighting classes. A prototype system was developed to conduct experiments using real-world data. The proposed approach is compared to results obtained by professional designers in a case study; the method was also applied to several European cities to assess its efficiency. The obtained results are much more fine-grained than those yielded by the traditional approach; as a result, the lighting is more adequate, especially when used in conjunction with automated optimisation tools. |
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2071-1050 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2051 |
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