| Records |
| Author |
Firebaugh, A.; Haynes, K.J. |
| Title |
Multi‐year experiment shows no impact of artificial light at night on arthropod trophic structure or abundance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecosphere |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals; Ecology |
| Abstract |
Prior studies of how artificial light at night (ALAN) alters the abundances of herbivores, predators, and other trophic groups have yielded evidence of the alteration of energy and nutrient flows through ecosystems. Because the impacts of ALAN on arthropod assemblages may be context‐dependent, there is a need for more experimental work across a range of habitat types and time frames. To examine longer‐term impacts of ALAN on community and trophic structure, we experimentally manipulated ALAN in a grassland ecosystem and compared arthropod abundance and trophic structure between plots exposed to ALAN and plots exposed only to ambient light over two years. In 2015, arthropod density was 61% higher in plots with ALAN added than in plots with no ALAN added, but this difference was not statistically significant. In 2016, arthropod densities were nearly identical between plots with ALAN added and plots not exposed to ALAN. Contrasting with prior research on ground‐dwelling arthropods, we found no evidence that the effects of ALAN on abundance differed between herbivores and predators inhabiting the canopy of grassland vegetation. To better understand the ecological consequences of ALAN, we recommend experimental manipulation of ALAN in a variety of habitat types followed by repeated sampling of trophic structure over time frames that span multiple generations for the species within the focal community. |
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| ISSN |
2150-8925 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial  |
3104 |
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| Author |
Lee, J.; Le, L.-T.; Le, H.-T.; Liao, H.-Y.; Huang, G.-Z.; Ma, H.-Y.; Wen, C.-C.; Fang, Y.C.; Chen, C.-H.; Chang, S.-H.; Lee, H.-Y. |
| Title |
Low-Glare Freeform-Surfaced Street Light Luminaire Optimization to Meet Enhanced Road Lighting Standards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
International Journal of Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Optics |
| Volume |
2020 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-12 |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
| Abstract |
To enhance driving safety at night, a new freeform-surface street light luminaire was proposed and evaluated in this study that meets the requirements of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) M3 class standard for road lighting. The luminaire was designed using simulations to optimize the location of the bulb according to the requirements of the standard. The light source IES file was experimentally obtained for the optimized luminaire prototype with a 150 W ceramic metal halide lamp using an imaging goniophotometer. The trial road lighting simulation results computed by the lighting software DIALux indicated that the proposed luminaire provided an average road surface brightness of 1.1 cd/m2 (compared to a minimum requirement of 1.0 cd/m2), a brightness uniformity of 0.41 (compared to a minimum requirement of 0.4), a longitudinal brightness uniformity of 0.64 (compared to a minimum requirement of 0.6), and a glare factor of 7.6% (compared to a maximum limit of 15%). The findings of the image goniophotometer tests were then confirmed by the results of a certified mirror goniophotometer test conducted by the Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF). The results of this study can be used to provide improved street lighting designs to meet enhanced international standards. |
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1687-9384 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3103 |
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Nguyen, K.Q.; Tran, P.D.; Nguyen, L.T.; To, P.V.; Morris, C.J. |
| Title |
Use of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in combination with metal halide (MH) lamps reduce fuel consumption in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Aquaculture and Fisheries |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquaculture and Fisheries |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
in press |
| Keywords |
Economics; Animals; Lighting |
| Abstract |
The use of high-power lights during night-time purse seining is common in Vietnam. Typically, metal halide (MH) lamps are used in the commercial fishery to attract fish, however these lights require more energy, have a shorter lifespan, and lower chromatic performance than light emitting diode (LED) lamps. This study examined catch efficiency and fuel consumption when using LED lamps in combination with reduced numbers of MH lamps (10.24 kW), compared to conventional lighting (28.6 kW), used during purse seining off the coast of Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. The economic performance associated with using LED lamps in this fishery was also assessed. We found no significant differences in catch rates between the different light treatments, however fuel consumption was significantly reduced. Fuel consumption per nightly trip using LED with MH lamps was 70.8 l (11.1 l/h) compared to114 l (17.45 l/hr) using MH lamps alone, an estimated 37.9% reduction in fuel consumption. An investment in LED lamps by a fishing enterprise will require additional initial costs, however our analysis revealed the financial break-event point can be reached after approximately 101 nightly trips when the fuel price is at the 2015 level of USD $0.74 per l. Fishing enterprises can increase their profitability, and reduce CO2 emissions, by using LED lamps in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery. |
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2468550X |
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Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3102 |
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| Author |
Zhang, H.; Yan, K.; Sui, L.; Nie, J.; Cui, K.; Liu, J.; Zhang, H.; Yang, X.; Lu, K.; Liang, X. |
| Title |
Constant light exposure causes oocyte meiotic defects and quality deterioration in mice |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environmental Pollution |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
115467 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposes us to prolonged illumination, that adversely affects female reproduction. However, it remains to be clarified how prolonged light exposure affects oocyte meiotic maturation and quality. To this end, we exposed female mice to a constant light (CL) of 250 lux for different durations. Our findings showed that CL exposure for 7 weeks reduced the oocyte maturation rate. Meanwhile, CL exposure caused greater abnormalities in spindle assembly and chromosome alignment and a higher rate of oocyte aneuploidy than the regular light dark cycle. CL exposure also induced oxidative stress and caused mitochondrial dysfunction, which resulted in oocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Notably, our results showed that CL exposure reduced the levels of α-tubulin acetylation, DNA methylation at 5mC, RNA methylation at m6A and histone methylation at H3K4me2 but increased the levels of histone methylation at H3K27me2 in oocytes. In summary, our findings demonstrate that constant bright light exposure causes oocyte meiotic defects and reduces cytoplasmic quality. These results extend the current understanding of ALAN-mediated defects in female reproduction. |
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0269-7491 |
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Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3101 |
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Bautista-Covarrubias, J.C.; Zamora-Ibarra, P.A.; Apreza-Burgos, E.; Rodriguez-Ocampo, A.N.; Peraza-Gomez, V.; Lopez-Sanchez, J.A.; Pacheco-Vega, J.M.; Gonzalez-Hermoso, J.P.; Frias-Espericueta, M.G. |
| Title |
Immune response and oxidative stress of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fish Shellfish Immunol |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
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Pages |
591-595 |
| Keywords |
Moonlight; Animals; Moon phase; Oxidative stress; Sod; Shrimp; Vibrio |
| Abstract |
Moon phases influence the molting process of shrimp, which affect other physiological processes as immune response. This study analyzed some parameters of immune response: total hemocytes counts (THC), hemolymph clotting time and superoxide anion (O2(-)) production, total protein concentration, superoxide dismutase activity, and the presence of Vibrio spp. in Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases. The highest percentage of organisms in intermolt stage was observed in the first quarter moon phase (95%). The highest THC was observed at new moon phase, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) than that observed at the third quarter phase. Hemolymph clotting time and CFU values of Vibrio spp. showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between different moon phases. The higher (p < 0.05) mean O2(-) production value (0.400 +/- 0.168 nmol min(-1) mL(-1)) was determined in hepatopancreas at new moon phase. No relationship was observed between O2(-) and SOD activity, indicating that this antioxidant response was enough to counteract the influence of oxidative stress in L. vannamei at different moon phases. |
| Address |
Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, C.P. 82000, Mexico |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1050-4648 |
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| Notes |
PMID:32846243 |
Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3100 |
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