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Pritchard, S.B. |
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Epilogue. Field notes from the end of the world: Light, darkness, Energy, and endscape in polar night |
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2019 |
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Journal of Energy History |
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2 |
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Darkness; Lighting; Society; Psychology |
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This personal essay describes light(s) and darkness(es) in Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway) during polar night in January 2019. Drawing on autoethnographic methods, I also seek to describe how I experienced the remarkable lightscapes and darkscapes of the far north during winter. I suggest how the history of energy in Longyearbyen has both shaped and been shaped by the “extreme” light/dark cycle of the high Arctic. In the process, I develop the concept of “endscape” to characterize vestiges of a landscape that has been, and will continue to be, transformed by global climate change, and will eventually disappear. This recent experience illustrates the potential of experiential, reflexive ways of contending with light/dark. It also draws attention to tensions in the academic study of light/dark and the history of energy, and how they play out in practice, in the context of a conference held in a remote location that requires scholars to contribute to the continued extraction of fossil fuels –something that most would otherwise decry. I suggest that Longyearbyen is a useful case study for other endscapes in the early 21st C. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2722 |
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Author |
Debbich, M. |
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Title |
Assessing Oil and Non-Oil GDP Growth from Space: An Application to Yemen 2012-17 |
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2019 |
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International Monetary Fund |
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19 |
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221 |
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Economics; Remote Sensing |
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This paper uses an untapped source of satellite-recorded nightlights and gas flaring data to characterize the contraction of economic activity in Yemen throughout the ongoing conflict that erupted in 2015. Using estimated nightlights elasticities on a sample of 72 countries for real GDP and 28 countries for oil GDP over 6 years, I derive oil and non-oil GDP growth for Yemen. I show that real GDP contracted by a cumulative 24 percent over 2015-17 against 50 percent according to official figures. I also find that the impact of the conflict has been geographically uneven with economic activity contracting more in some governorates than in others. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2721 |
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Lee, B., Lee, Y., Kim, D., & Kim, S. |
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Title |
Correction of Lunar Irradiation Effect and Change Detection Using Suomi-NPP Data |
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2019 |
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Korean Journal of Remote Sensing |
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35 |
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2 |
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265-278 |
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Instrumentation |
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Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) data help to enable rapid emergency responses through detection of the artificial and natural disasters occurring at night. The DNB data without correction of lunar irradiance effect distributed by Korea Ocean Science Center (KOSC) has advantage for rapid change detection because of direct receiving. In this study, radiance differences according to the phase of the moon was analyzed for urban and mountain areas in Korean Peninsula using the DNB data directly receiving to KOSC. Lunar irradiance correction algorithm was proposed for the change detection. Relative correction was performed by regression analysis between the selected pixels considering the land cover classification in the reference DNB image during the new moon and the input DNB image. As a result of daily difference image analysis, the brightness value change in urban area and mountain area was
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radiance respectively. The object based change detection was performed after the extraction of the main object of interest based on the average image of time series data in order to reduce the matching and geometric error between DNB images. The changes in brightness occurring in mountainous areas were effectively detected after the calibration of lunar irradiance effect, and it showed that the developed technology could be used for real time change detection. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2720 |
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Briggs, R. C. |
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Why does aid not target the poorest? |
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2019 |
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AIDDATA |
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Remote Sensing |
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Foreign aid projects typically have local effects, so if they are to reduce poverty then they need to be placed close to the poor. I show that, conditional on local population, World Bank (WB) project aid targets richer parts of countries. This relationship holds over time and across world regions. I test five explanations for pro-rich targeting using a pre-registered conjoint experiment on WB task team leaders (TTLs). TTLs perceive aid-receiving governments as most interested in targeting aid politically and controlling implementation. They also believe that aid works better in poorer or more remote areas, but that implementation in these areas is uniquely difficult. These results speak to debates in distributive politics, international bargaining over aid, and principal-agent issues in international organizations. The results also suggest that tweaks to WB incentive structures to make ease of project implementation less important may encourage aid to flow to poorer parts of countries. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2719 |
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Wuchterl, G.; Reithofer, M. |
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Licht über Wien VI |
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2018 |
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Skyglow |
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Im Zentrum Wiens sättigt die Erhellung der Nacht, am Stadtrand sinken die jährlichen Zuwächse, wäh-rend im Abstand von 36 Kilometern (Großmugl) die Nächte um 10 % pro Jahr heller werden.Der Gesamtaufwand der Wiener Lichtglocke liegt 2018 bei 37 MW. Der Verlauf von 2011 bis 2018 zeigt ein deutliches Lichtmaximum um 2014 und 2015. Danach stellen wir einen allmählichen Rückgang fest.Der Verlauf der Lichtglocke und noch deutlicher jener der Einzelstationen zeigt signifikante Schwankun-gen von Jahr zu Jahr. Zur Aufklärung der Ursachen, die weder astronomisch noch meteorologisch sind, wur-den monatliche Analysen des Lichtmessnetzes mit Daten des Luftmessnetzes der Wiener MA 22 kombiniert. Die natürliche Variation über das Jahr wurde genutzt, um Zusammenhänge zwischen den Monatsmedianen von Luftfeuchtigkeit und Feinstaub mit jenen der Globalstrahlungsdaten zu suchen.Von 2016 bis 2018 korrelieren die Globalstrahlungswerte mit der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit und den Feinstaubwerten (PM10 und PM2,5). Die engste Beziehung besteht auf der Kuffner-Sternwarte, wo eine Verdoppelung der Luftfeuchtigkeit statistisch von einer Verzehnfachung der Globalstrahlung begleitet wird. Die gefundenen Relationen sind über einen Faktor 100 in der Globalstrahlung äußerst robust und die Koeffizienten der Relationen sind an allen Stationen sehr homogen.Damit stehen gut bestimmte Zusammenhänge zwischen der Luftgüte und dem Zustand der klaren Atmo-sphäre zur Verfügung. Das wird es erlauben, Lichtmessnetze auf Standardatmosphären zu beziehen und damit eine wesentlich bessere Vergleichbarkeit der Daten zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten herzustellen.- 130 Gigawattstunden Jahresaufwand für die Wiener Lichtglocke- 8 Jahre Vermessung der Lichtglocke zeigen Ansätze eines Rückgangs der Lichtflut- Mehr Feinstaub bewirkt überproportional mehr Lichtverschmutzung |
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German |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2718 |
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