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Author |
Nguyen, C.N.; Noy, I. |
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Title |
Measuring the impact of insurance on urban earthquake recovery using nightlights |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Economic Geography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
in press |
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Pages |
lbz033 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Earthquakes; New Zealand; Night lights |
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Abstract |
We measure the longer-term effect of a major earthquake on the local economy, using night-time light intensity, and focus on the role of insurance payments for damaged residential property in the recovery process. The destructive Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010–2011) in New Zealand is our case study. Uniquely, for this event, >95% of residential housing units were covered by insurance and almost all incurred some damage. However, insurance payments were staggered over 5 years, enabling us to identify their local impact on recovery. We find that night-time luminosity can capture the process of recovery; and that insurance payments contributed significantly to the process of local economic recovery after the earthquake. Cash settlement of claims was no more effective than insurance-managed repairs in generating local recovery. Notably, delayed payments were less affective in assisting recovery; this suggests an important role for the regulator in making sure insurance payments are made promptly after disaster events. |
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Address |
School of Economics and Finance, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand; ilan.noy(at)vuw.ac.nz |
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Oxford Academic |
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English |
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English |
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1468-2702 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2750 |
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Author |
Wallner, S. |
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Title |
Usage of Vertical Fisheye-Images to Quantify Urban Light Pollution on Small Scales and the Impact of LED Conversion |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Imaging |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Imaging |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
86 |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation |
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Abstract |
The aim of this work was to develop an easy and quick technique for characterizing various lighting situations, that is, single lamps or illuminated signs and to quantify impacts on small scales like streets, buildings and near areas. The method uses a DSLR-camera equipped with fisheye-lens and the software Sky Quality Camera, both commonly used as part of night sky imagery in the light pollution community, to obtain information about luminance and correlated colour temperature. As a difference to its usual build-up, observed light emitting sources were captured by pointing the camera towards analysed objects, that is, images were taken via vertical plane imaging with very short exposure times under one second. Results have proven that this technique provides a practical way to quantify the lighting efficacy in a certain place or area, as a quantitative analysis of the direct emission towards the observer and the illumination on surroundings, that is, street surfaces, sidewalks and buildings, was performed. When conducting lamp conversions, the method can be used to characterize the gradient of change and could be a useful tool for municipalities to find the optimal lighting solution. The paper shows examples of different lighting situations like single lamps of different types, also containing various luminaires, illuminated billboards or buildings and impacts of the lighting transition to LEDs in the city of Eisenstadt, Austria. The horizontal fisheye method is interdisciplinary applicable, for example, being suitable for lighting management, to sustainability and energy saving purposes. |
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2313-433X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2749 |
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Author |
Li, X.; Liu, Z.; Chen, X.; Meng, Q. |
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Title |
Assessment of the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on human activity based on DMSP/OLS time series nighttime light data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Rem. Sens. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
04 |
Pages |
1 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Earthquake disasters and postdisaster reconstruction have profound impacts on human society. We use time series nighttime light images collected by the defense meteorological satellite program-operational linescan system sensors as a proxy data source for human activities (HAs). After calibration, a time series analysis method is used to study the distribution and intensity of the changes in HAs after an earthquake. We consider the Haiti earthquake an example to analyze the HA sequence patterns and the aggregation patterns of the HA centers. The results show the following: (1) postearthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts led to increases in the long-term HAs, but the level of increased HA was usually low. (2) The level of postearthquake HAs in the most affected areas (seismic intensity zone VIII+) increased, whereas the postearthquake HAs in severely affected areas (seismic intensity zones VI and VII) were more fragmented. (3) The recovery of HAs in seismic intensity zone VIII+ (mainly Port-au-Prince) required 2 years, but the actual time may be far longer. |
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1931-3195 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2748 |
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Author |
Liu, Z.; Qian, M.; Tang, X.; Hu, W.; Sun, S.; Li, G.; Zhang, S.; Meng, F.; Cao, X.; Sun, J.; Xu, C.; Tan, B.; Pang, Q.; Zhao, B.; Wang, Z.; Guan, Y.; Ruan, X.; Liu, B. |
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Title |
SIRT7 couples light-driven body temperature cues to hepatic circadian phase coherence and gluconeogenesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Nature Metabolism |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Metab |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1141-1156 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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The central pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral oscillators to coordinate physiological and behavioural activities throughout the body. How circadian phase coherence between the SCN and the periphery is controlled is not well understood. Here, we identify hepatic SIRT7 as an early responsive element to light that ensures circadian phase coherence in the mouse liver. The SCN-driven body temperature (BT) oscillation induces rhythmic expression of HSP70, which promotes SIRT7 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Acute temperature challenge dampens the BT oscillation and causes an advanced liver circadian phase. Further, hepatic SIRT7 deacetylates CRY1, promotes its FBXL3-mediated degradation and regulates the hepatic clock and glucose homeostasis. Loss of Sirt7 in mice leads to an advanced liver circadian phase and rapid entrainment of the hepatic clock upon daytime-restricted feeding. These data identify a BT–HSP70–SIRT7–CRY1 axis that couples the mouse hepatic clock to the central pacemaker and ensures circadian phase coherence and glucose homeostasis. |
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2522-5812 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2747 |
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Author |
Maggi, E.; Bongiorni, L.; Fontanini, D.; Capocchi, A.; Dal Bello, M.; Giacomelli, A.; Benedetti‐Cecchi, L. |
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Title |
Artificial light at night erases positive interactions across trophic levels |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct Ecol |
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Volume |
in press |
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Pages |
1365-2435.13485 |
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Keywords |
Ecology; Bacteria; Ecosystems |
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Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most recently recognized sources of anthropogenic disturbance, with potentially severe effects on biological systems that are still to be fully explored. Among marine ecosystems, high shore habitats are those more likely to be impacted by ALAN, due to a more intense exposition to outdoor nocturnal lightings (mostly from lamps along coastal streets and promenades, or within harbors, ports and marinas).
2.By performing in situ nocturnal manipulations of a direct source of white LED light and presence of herbivores in a Mediterranean high‐shore habitat, we assessed the interactive effects of light pollution and grazing on two key functional components of the epilithic microbial community (the cyanobacteria, as the main photoautotrophic component, and the other bacteria, mainly dominated by heterotrophs) developing on rocky shores.
3.Results showed an unexpected increase in the diversity of epilithic bacterial biofilm at unlit sites in the presence of grazers, that was more evident on the other (mainly heterotrophic) bacterial component, when giving weight to more abundant families. This effect was likely related to the mechanical removal of dead cells through the grazing activity of consumers. ALAN significantly modified this scenario, by reducing the density of grazers and thus erasing their effects on bacteria, and by increasing the diversity of more abundant cyanobacterial families.
4.Overall, direct and indirect effects on ALAN resulted in a significant increase in the diversity of the photoautotrophic component and a decrease in the heterotrophic one, likely affecting key ecosystem functions acting on rocky shore habitats.
5.ALAN may represent a threat for natural systems through the annihilation of positive interactions across trophic levels, potentially impairing the relationship between biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems and interacting with other global and local stressors currently impinging on coastal areas. |
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Address |
Dip. di Biologia, CoNISMa, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; elena.maggi(at)unipi.it |
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British Ecological Society |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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0269-8463 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2746 |
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