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Watson, L.A.; Phillips, A.J.K.; Hosken, I.T.; McGlashan, E.M.; Anderson, C.; Lack, L.C.; Lockley, S.W.; Rajaratnam, S.M.W.; Cain, S.W. |
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Title |
Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The Journal of Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
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in press |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
KEY POINTS: This is the first study to demonstrate an altered circadian phase shifting response in a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Patients with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) demonstrate greater sensitivity of the circadian system to the phase delaying effects of light. Increased circadian sensitivity to light is associated with later circadian timing within both control and DSWPD groups. DSWPD patients had a greater sustained pupil response after light exposure. Treatments for DSWPD should consider sensitivity of the circadian system to light as a potential underlying vulnerability, making patients susceptible to relapse. ABSTRACT: Patients with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) exhibit delayed sleep-wake behavior relative to desired bedtime, often leading to chronic sleep restriction and daytime dysfunction. The majority of DSWPD patients also display delayed circadian timing in the melatonin rhythm. Hypersensitivity of the circadian system to phase delaying light is a plausible physiological basis for DSWPD vulnerability. We compared the phase shifting response to a 6.5-h light exposure ( approximately 150 lux) between male patients with diagnosed DSWPD (n = 10; aged 22.4 +/- 3.3 years) and male healthy controls (n = 11; aged 22.4 +/- 2.4 years). Salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured under controlled conditions in dim light (<3 lux) before and after light exposure. Correcting for the circadian time of the light exposure, DSWPD patients exhibited 31.5% greater phase delay shifts than healthy controls. In both groups, a later initial phase of the melatonin rhythm was associated with greater magnitude of phase shifts, indicating that increased circadian sensitivity to light may be a factor that contributes to delayed phase, even in non-clinical groups. DSWPD patients also had reduced pupil size following the light exposure, and showed a trend towards increased melatonin suppression during light exposure. These findings indicate that, for patients with DSWPD, assessment of light sensitivity may be an important factor that can inform behavioral therapy, including minimization of exposure to phase-delaying night-time light. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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0022-3751 |
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PMID:30281150 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2026 |
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Author |
Girard, M.B.; Kasumovic, M.M.; Elias, D.O. |
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Title |
The role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signaling systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
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in press |
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Animals |
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Research on animal signaling enhances our understanding of links between sensory processing, decision making, behavior, and evolution. Studies of sexually-selected signals may be particularly informative as mate choice provides access to decision patterns in the way that courtship leads to an easily observable behavioral output in choosers, i.e., mating. Male peacock spiders have some of the most elaborate and varied courtship displays known among animals. Particularly striking to human observers is the diversity of red, orange, and yellow ornaments that males exhibit across the genus. The primary objective of our research was to investigate how these visual ornaments interact with vibratory songs to affect female mating behavior of one species, Maratus volans. Accordingly, we conducted mating trials under a series of experimentally manipulated vibratory and lighting conditions. Contrary to expectation, chromatic characteristics of longer wavelength ornaments are not driving female mate choice decisions, despite their extensive presence on male fans. Instead, our results suggest that contrast is important to females. Additionally, we found that vibratory signals were not necessary and did not increase mating rates. Our study demonstrates the intricacies inherent in complex signaling systems. |
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1045-2249 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2027 |
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Agnew, J.; Gillespie, T.W.; Gonzalez, J.; Min, B. |
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Baghdad Nights: Evaluating the US Military ‘Surge’ Using Nighttime Light Signatures |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Environment and Planning A |
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Environ Plan A |
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40 |
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10 |
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2285-2295 |
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Remote Sensing; Commentary |
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0308-518X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2028 |
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Baskaran, T.; Min, B.; Uppal, Y. |
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Title |
Election cycles and electricity provision: Evidence from a quasi-experiment with Indian special elections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Journal of Public Economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Public Economics |
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126 |
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64-73 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; India; South Asia |
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We present evidence from India showing that state governments induce electoral cycles in electricity service provision. Our data and research strategy allow us to build on models of political business cycles and targeted distribution in two important ways. First, we demonstrate that by manipulating the flow of critical inputs into economic activity like electricity, elected leaders can influence economic outcomes even in contexts where they have constrained fiscal capacity. Second, we identify the effect of elections on electricity provision by focusing on special elections held for exogenous reasons. Our results show that state governments induce substantive increases in electricity service to constituencies that hold special elections. Manipulation of the power supply is stronger in contested constituencies and during special elections held in states where the government commands only a small majority. Overall, we find no evidence of positive welfare effects from the electoral manipulation of electricity supply. |
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0047-2727 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2029 |
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You, X.; Monahan, K.M. |
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A thirst for development: mapping water stress using night-time stable lights as predictors of province-level water stress in China |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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49 |
Issue |
4 |
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477-485 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Given the rapid development within China, the inequality of available water resources has been increasingly of interest. Current methods for assessing water stress are inadequate for province‐scale rapid monitoring. A more responsive indicator at a finer scale is needed to understand the distribution of water stress in China. This paper selected Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Line‐scan System night‐time stable lights as a proxy for water stress at the province level in China from 2004 to 2012, as night‐time lights are closely linked with population density, electricity consumption and other social, economic and environmental indicators associated with water stress. The linear regression results showed the intensity of night‐time lights can serve as a predictive tool to assess water stress across provinces with an R2 from 0.797 to 0.854. The model worked especially well in some regions, such as East China, North China and South West China. Nonetheless, confounding factors interfered with the predictive relationship, including population density, level of economic development, natural resource endowment and industrial structures, etc. The model was not greatly improved by building a multi‐variable linear regression including agricultural and industrial indicators. A straightforward predictor of water stress using remotely sensed data was developed. |
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0004-0894 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2030 |
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