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Author |
Shima, J.S.; Swearer, S.E. |
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Title |
Moonlight enhances growth in larval fish |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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in press |
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Keywords |
Animals; Moonlight |
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Abstract |
Moonlight mediates trophic interactions and shapes the evolution of life-history strategies for nocturnal organisms. Reproductive cycles and important life-history transitions for many marine organisms coincide with moon phases, but few studies consider the effects of moonlight on pelagic larvae at sea. We evaluated effects of moonlight on growth of pelagic larvae of a temperate reef fish using 'master chronologies' of larval growth constructed from age-independent daily increment widths recorded in otoliths of 321 individuals. We found that daily growth rates of fish larvae were enhanced by lunar illumination after controlling for the positive influence of temperature and the negative influence of cloud cover. Collectively, these results indicate that moonlight enhances growth rates of larval fish. This pattern is likely the result of moonlight's combined effects on foraging efficiency and suppression of diel migrations of mesopelagic predators, and has the potential to drive evolution of marine life histories. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia |
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English |
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0012-9658 |
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PMID:30422325 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2059 |
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Author |
Min, J.-young; Min, K.-bok |
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Title |
Outdoor Artificial Nighttime Light and Use of Hypnotic Medications in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Jcsm |
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14 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1903-1910 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Study Objectives
Outdoor artificial nighttime light is increasingly recognized as a form of environmental pollution. Excessive nighttime light exposure, whether from indoor or outdoor sources, has been associated with a number of deleterious effects on human health. We performed a population-based cohort study in South Korea to assess the possible association between outdoor nocturnal lighting and insomnia in older adults, as measured by prescriptions for hypnotic drugs.
Methods
This study used data from the 2002–2013 National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), and a total of 52,027 adults who were age 60 years or older were included in the study. Light data were based on satellite mapping of artificial light. The usage data of two hypnotic drugs, zolpidem (N05CF02) and triazolam (N05CD05), were extracted from the NHIS-NSC records.
Results
Of the 52,027 patients in this cohort, 11,738 (22%) had prescriptions for hypnotic drugs. Increasing outdoor artificial nighttime light exposure (stratified by quartile) was associated with an increased prevalence of hypnotic prescriptions and daily dose intake. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile 1, the regression coefficients for prescription days and daily defined doses of all hypnotic drugs and certain hypotonic drugs were significantly higher among those living in areas with higher outdoor artificial nighttime light (quartiles 2 through 4).
Conclusions
Outdoor artificial nighttime light exposure was significantly associated with prescription of hypnotic drugs in older adults. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that outdoor artificial nighttime light may cause sleep disturbances. |
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1550-9389 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2060 |
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Cravens, Z.M.; Boyles, J.G. |
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Title |
Illuminating the physiological implications of artificial light on an insectivorous bat community |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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in press |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Global light pollution threatens to disturb numerous wildlife species, but impacts of artificial light will likely vary among species within a community. Thus, artificial lights may change the environment in such a way as to create winners and losers as some species benefit while others do not. Insectivorous bats are nocturnal and a good model to test for differential effects of light pollution on a single community. We used a physiological technique to address this community-level question by measuring plasma ss-hydroxybutyrate (a blood metabolite) concentrations from six species of insectivorous bats in lit and unlit conditions. We also recorded bat calls acoustically to measure activity levels between experimental conditions. Blood metabolite level and acoustic activity data suggest species-specific changes in foraging around lights. In red bats (Lasiurus borealis), ss-hydroxybutyrate levels at lit sites were highest early in the night before decreasing. Acoustic data indicate pronounced peaks in activity at lit sites early in the night. In red bats on dark nights and in the other species in this community, which seem to avoid lights, ss-hydroxybutyrate remained relatively constant. Our results suggest red bats are more willing to expend energy to actively forage around lights despite potential negative impacts, while other, generally rarer species avoid lit areas. Artificial light appears to have a bifurcating effect on bat communities, whereby some species take advantage of concentrated prey resources, yet most do not. Further, this may concentrate light-intolerant species into limited dark refugia, thereby increasing competition for depauperate, phototactic insect communities. |
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Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA |
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English |
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0029-8549 |
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PMID:30446844 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2061 |
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Author |
Holveck, M.-J.; Grégoire, A.; Doutrelant, C.; Lambrechts, M.M. |
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Title |
Nest height is affected by lamppost lighting proximity in addition to nestbox size in urban great tits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Avian Biol |
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in press |
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Animals |
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Both natural and artificial light have proximate influences on many aspects of avian biology, physiology and behaviour. To date artificial light at night is mostly considered as being a nuisance disrupting for instance sleep and reproduction of diurnal species. Here, we investigate if lamppost night lighting affects cavity‐nesting bird species inside their breeding cavity. Nest height in secondary cavity‐nesting species is the result of trade‐offs between several selective forces. Predation is the prevailing force leading birds to build thin nests to increase the distance towards the entrance hole. A thin nest may also limit artificial light exposure at night. Yet, a minimum level of daylight inside nesting cavities is necessary for adequate visual communication and/or offspring development. Against this background, we hypothesised that avian nest‐building behaviour varies in response to a change in night lighting. We monitored nest height of urban great tits (Parus major) during six years and found that it varied with artificial light proximity. The birds built thinner nests inside nestboxes of various sizes in response to increasing lamppost night light availability at the nest. In large nestboxes, the nests were also thinner when a lamppost was present in the territory. Whether this relationship between artificial night lighting and nest height reflects a positive or negative effect of urbanisation is discussed in the light of recent experimental studies conducted in rural populations by other research groups. |
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0908-8857 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2062 |
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Author |
Maggi, E.; Benedetti-Cecchi, L. |
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Title |
Trophic compensation stabilizes marine primary producers exposed to artificial light at night |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
606 |
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1-5 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Animals; Ecology |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a widespread phenomenon along coastal areas. Despite increasing evidence of pervasive effects of ALAN on patterns of species distribution and abundance, the potential of this emerging threat to alter ecological processes in marine ecosystems has remained largely unexplored. Here, we show how exposure to white LED lighting, comparable to that experienced along local urbanized coasts, significantly enhanced the impact of grazing gastropods on epilithic microphytobenthos (MPB). ALAN increased both the photosynthetic biomass of MPB and the grazing pressure of gastropods, such that consumers compensated for the positive effect of night lighting on primary producers. Our results indicate that trophic interactions can provide a stabilizing compensatory mechanism against ALAN effects in natural food webs. |
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0171-8630 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2063 |
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