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Mindel, J.W.; Rojas, S.L.; Kline, D.; Bao, S.; Rezai, A.; Corrigan, J.D.; Nelson, R.J.; D, P.; Magalang, U.J. |
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Title  |
0038 Sleeping with Low Levels of Artificial Light at Night Increases Systemic Inflammation in Humans |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Sleep |
Abbreviated Journal |
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42 |
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Supplement_1 |
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A15-A16 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
Introduction
Artificial light at night (ALAN) has become a ubiquitous part of our society. Animal studies have shown that ALAN exposure promotes a depressive-like mood and increases peripheral inflammation likely due to circadian disruption. We hypothesized that sleeping with ALAN will increase systemic inflammation in humans.
Methods
We enrolled 64 subjects [32 with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) adherent to treatment and 32 without sleep disorders] in a randomized, crossover study to determine the effects of sleeping with ALAN (40 lux) or the usual dark condition (control) for 7 nights at home. Sleeping with ALAN was confirmed by an actigraph with an ambient light sensor. Outcome measurements were done at baseline and after sleeping in each condition. The primary outcome was changes in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Secondary outcomes include scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-10 (FOSQ-10), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); Psychomotor Vigilance Testing (PVT); actigraphic sleep measures; and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A random effects linear regression model was used to assess differences adjusting for schedule, visit, and baseline levels. Post-hoc analyses combined results from OSA and non-OSA subjects.
Results
Fifty-eight (30 OSA and 28 non-OSA) subjects, aged 38.4±14.9 years, 33 of whom are male completed the protocol. A log transformation was used so the difference in hsCRP was expressed as a mean ratio. In the combined analysis, the mean hsCRP was 39% higher with ALAN than control (mean ratio=1.39; 95% CI: 1.08-1.80; p=0.012). The effects of ALAN for OSA and non-OSA subjects were not different. ALAN increased the CES-D score by 1.81 (p=0.017) and ESS score by 0.62 (p=0.071) points, and decreased the FOSQ-10 score by 0.36 (p=0.038) points while the PSQI score was unchanged (p=0.860). There were no significant differences in the PVT values, actigraphic sleep measures, or HOMA-IR.
Conclusion
Sleeping with ALAN for seven days significantly increased hsCRP levels and modestly increased depression scores in humans. |
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0161-8105 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2322 |
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Author |
Gong, P.; Li, X.; Zhang, W. |
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Title |
40-year (1978-2017) human settlement changes in China reflected by impervious surfaces from satellite remote sensing |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Science Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science Bulletin |
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in press |
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Remote Sensing |
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Impervious surfaces are the most significant feature of human settlements. Timely, accurate, and frequent information on impervious surfaces is critical in both social-economic and natural environment applications. Over the past 40 years, impervious surface areas in China have grown rapidly. However, annual maps of impervious areas in China with high spatial details do not exist during this period. In this paper, we made use of reliable impervious surface mapping algorithms that we published before and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to address this data gap. With available data in GEE, we were able to map impervious surfaces over the entire country circa 1978, and during 1985-2017 at an annual frequency. The 1978 data were at 60 m resolution, while the 1985-2017 data were in 30 m resolution. For the 30 m resolution data, we evaluated the accuracies for 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Overall accuracies reached more than 90%. Our results indicate that the growth of impervious surface in China was not only fast but also considerably exceeding the per capita impervious surface area in developed countries like Japan. The 40-year continuous and consistent impervious surface distribution data in China would generate widespread interests in the research and policy-making community. The impervious surface data can be freely downloaded from http://data.ess.tsinghua.edu.cn. |
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2321 |
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Rawson, H.E. |
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Title |
A bird's song in relation to light |
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1932 |
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Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society Field Club |
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17 |
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363-365 |
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Animals |
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2423 |
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Henderson, J.V.; Storeygard, A.; Weil, D.N. |
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A Bright Idea for Measuring Economic Growth |
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2011 |
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The American Economic Review |
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Am Econ Rev |
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101 |
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3 |
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194-199 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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The quantity of human-generated light visible from outer space reflects variation in both population density and income per capita. In this paper we explore the usefulness of the change in visible light as a measure of GDP growth. We discuss the data, and then present a statistical framework that uses lights growth to augment existing income growth measures, assuming that measurement errors in the two series are uncorrelated. For some countries with very poor income measurement, we significantly revise estimates of growth. Our technique also produces growth estimates for cities or regions where no other data are available. |
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Brown University and NBER |
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0002-8282 |
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PMID:25076786; PMCID:PMC4112959 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2767 |
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Rossi, F.; Bonamente, E.; Nicolini, A.; Anderini, E.; Cotana, F. |
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Title |
A carbon footprint and energy consumption assessment methodology for UHI-affected lighting systems in built areas |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Energy and Buildings |
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Energy and Buildings |
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114 |
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96-103 |
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Remote Sensing; Energy |
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This paper investigates the effects of urban heat island (UHI) on outdoor lighting systems in terms of GHG emissions: a novel methodology is proposed to assess the carbon footprint (CF) change of lighting services in built areas caused by UHI-induced ΔT with particular focus on the evaluation of the energy consumption. The methodology can be applied also to other activities affected by the UHI, such as HVAC and transport systems. In particular, ΔCF was introduced by a two-fold approach: the quantification of the CF change due to UHI (as difference between CF in an UHI-affected case and CF for an UHI-less case) and the CF change produced by a 1 °C temperature change. A focus on LED lamps was developed: the lifetime of LEDs exponentially decreases with increasing temperature and the luminous flux exponentially decays with operation time. UHI (i.e. the increase in ambient temperature) affects the lifetime and the luminous flux of lamps producing higher energy consumption and higher replacement rates. Results showed that a positive ΔT due to UHI produces a positive ΔCF, which also becomes economically relevant in long-term scenarios. A case study was analyzed by applying the proposed methodology to Rome outdoor public lighting. |
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0378-7788 |
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2483 |
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