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Author |
Riedel, C.S.; Georg, B.; Fahrenkrug, J.; Hannibal, J. |
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Title  |
Altered light induced EGR1 expression in the SCN of PACAP deficient mice |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0232748 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
The brain's biological clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and generates circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior. The circadian clock needs daily adjustment by light to stay synchronized (entrained) with the astronomical 24 h light/dark cycle. Light entrainment occurs via melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) and two neurotransmitters of the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), PACAP and glutamate, which transmit light information to the SCN neurons. In SCN neurons, light signaling involves the immediate-early genes Fos, Egr1 and the clock genes Per1 and Per2. In this study, we used PACAP deficient mice to evaluate PACAP's role in light induced gene expression of EGR1 in SCN neurons during early (ZT17) and late (ZT23) subjective night at high (300 lux) and low (10 lux) white light exposure. We found significantly lower levels of both EGR1 mRNA and protein in the SCN in PACAP deficient mice compared to wild type mice at early subjective night (ZT17) exposed to low but not high light intensity. No difference was found between the two genotypes at late night (ZT23) at neither light intensities. In conclusion, light mediated EGR1 induction in SCN neurons at early night at low light intensities is dependent of PACAP signaling. A role of PACAP in shaping synaptic plasticity during light stimulation at night is discussed. |
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen NV, Denmark |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:32379800; PMCID:PMC7205239 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2915 |
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Mohamad, Y.; Haim, A.; Elsalam, Z.A. |
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Title |
Altered metabolic and hormonal responses in male rats exposed to acute bright light-at-night associated with global DNA hypo-methylation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology |
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Volume |
194 |
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Pages |
107-118 |
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Keywords |
Animals; mouse models |
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Abstract |
The association between light pollution and disruption of daily rhythms, metabolic and hormonal disorders, as well as cancer progression is well-recognized. These adverse effects could be due to nocturnal melatonin suppression. The signaling pathway by which light pollution affects metabolism and endocrine responses is unclear. We studied the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN1) on body mass, food and water intake, daily rhythms of body temperature, serum glucose and insulin in male rats. Daily rhythms of urine production and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT2), as well as global DNA methylation in pancreas and liver tissues were also assessed. Mass gain was higher in ALAN rats compared with controls. Food intake, water consumption, glucose, insulin, and 6-SMT levels markedly lessened in response to ALAN. Conversely, urine production and body temperature were elevated in ALAN rats compared with controls. Significant 24-h rhythms were detected for all variables that were altered in mesor, amplitude, and acrophase occurrences under ALAN conditions. DNA hypo-methylation was detected in ALAN pancreatic tissue compared with controls, but not in hepatic tissue. Overall, ALAN affects metabolic and hormonal physiology in different levels in which flexible crosstalk between melatonin and both epigenetics and metabolic levels expressed as body temperature rhythm, is suggested to mediate the environmental exposure at the molecular level and subsequently physiology is altered. The flexibility of epigenetic modifications provides a potential therapeutic target for rectifying ALAN adverse effects by epigenetic markers such as melatonin and behavioral lifestyle interventions for confining ALAN exposures as much as possible. |
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Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel |
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1011-1344 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2282 |
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Author |
Ardavani O. |
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Title |
Alternatives to artificial lighting: Varying patterns of bio-light in architecture |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Archidoct |
Abbreviated Journal |
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8 |
Issue |
1 |
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80-91 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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The notion of variability is identical to the phenomenon of light.The present paper examines characteristics that shape this variability, in all forms of light, both natural and artificial, as well as light that is experimentally produced in a laboratory environment, through genetic modification of plants, in line with current trend of architectural fluidity. At a time when architecture is interacting with emerging technologies by creating parametrically changing shells and environments, that are evolving as biological models and organisms, lighting is becoming a tool for highlighting forms while ensuring the functionality of spaces. It is up to the designer to manage these variables of light in an inspired way, in order to create an elegant, sustainable and environmentally friendly environment for all beings. |
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2309-0103 |
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UP @ altintas1 @ |
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3223 |
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Author |
Yao, J.Q.; Zhai, H.R.; Tang, X.M.; Gao, X.M.; Yang, X.D. |
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Title |
Amazon Fire Monitoring and Analysis Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. |
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474 |
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042025 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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In August 2019, a large-scale fire broke out in the Amazon rainforest, bringing serious harm to the ecosystem and human beings. In order to accurately monitor the dynamic change of forest fire in Amazon rainforest and analyse the impact of fire spreading and extinction on the environment, firstly, based on NPP VIIRS data covering the Amazon fire area, the sliding window threshold method is adopted to extract the fire point, and the cause of fire change is monitored and analysed according to the time series. Secondly, based on the time series of CALIPSO data, the vertical distribution changes of atmospheric pollutants in the amazon fire area are analysed, and the comprehensive analysis is carried out by combining NPP VIIRS data. The experimental results show that only NPP VIIRS data is used to predict the fire, and the combination of CALIPSO data can better monitor the forest fire and predict the fire development trend. The combination of optical image and laser radar has greater advantages in dynamic fire monitoring and fire impact analysis. The method described in this paper can provide basic data reference for real-time and accurate prediction of forest fires and provide new ideas for dynamic fire monitoring. |
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1755-1315 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2927 |
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Author |
Raap, T.; Pinxten, R.; Casasole, G.; Dehnhard, N.; Eens, M. |
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Title |
Ambient anthropogenic noise but not light is associated with the ecophysiology of free-living songbird nestlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2754 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Urbanization is associated with dramatic increases in noise and light pollution, which affect animal behaviour, physiology and fitness. However, few studies have examined these stressors simultaneously. Moreover, effects of urbanization during early-life may be detrimental but are largely unknown. In developing great tits (Parus major), a frequently-used model species, we determined important indicators of immunity and physiological condition: plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and nitric oxide (NOx) concentration. We also determined fledging mass, an indicator for current health and survival. Associations of ambient noise and light exposure with these indicators were studied. Anthropogenic noise, light and their interaction were unrelated to fledging mass. Nestlings exposed to more noise showed higher plasma levels of Hp but not of NOx. Light was unrelated to Hp and NOx and did not interact with the effect of noise on nestlings' physiology. Increasing levels of Hp are potentially energy demanding and trade-offs could occur with life-history traits, such as survival. Effects of light pollution on nestlings of a cavity-nesting species appear to be limited. Nonetheless, our results suggest that the urban environment, through noise exposure, may entail important physiological costs for developing organisms. |
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Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium |
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English |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:28584270; PMCID:PMC5459827 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2451 |
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