| Records |
| Author |
Bará, S., Ulla, A. |
| Title |
Light Pollution in the Galician Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park 2018 Report |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Keywords |
Conservation; Spain; Galicia; Europe; national park |
| Abstract |
The Galician Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park (PNMTIAG), with the exception of the island of Cortegada, still has night skies of acceptable quality. However, the PNMTIAG islands are under strong photic pressures, both internal and external, that hinder the preservation of the basic features of the natural night, and call for an immediate action of all concerned stakeholders |
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| Publisher |
USC Tragsa |
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| Language |
Galician |
Summary Language |
Galician |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2187 |
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| Author |
Durrant, J.; Green, M.P.; Jones, T.M. |
| Title |
Dim artificial light at night reduces the cellular immune response of the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Sci |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
744-7917.12665 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
A functioning immune system is crucial for protection against disease and illness, yet increasing evidence suggests that species living in urban areas could be suffering from immune suppression, due to the presence of artificial light at night (ALAN). This study examined the effects of ecologically relevant levels of ALAN on three key measures of immune function (haemocyte concentration, lytic activity, and phenoloxidase activity) using a model invertebrate species, the Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. We reared crickets under an ecologically relevant daily light-cycle consisting of 12 hr bright daylight (2600 lx) followed by either 12 h darkness (0 lx) or dim environmentally-relevant ALAN (1, 10, 100 lx), and then assessed immune function at multiple time points throughout adult life using haemolymph samples. We found that the presence of ALAN had a clear negative effect on haemocytes, while the effects on lytic activity and phenoloxidase activity were more complex or largely unaffected by ALAN. Furthermore, the effects of lifelong exposure to ALAN of 1 lx were comparable to those of 10 and 100 lx. Our data suggest that the effects of ALAN could be large and widespread, and such reductions in the core immune response of individuals will likely have greater consequences for fitness and survival under more malign conditions, such as those of the natural environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
The School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia |
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English |
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1672-9609 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30720239 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2196 |
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| Author |
Hüppop, O.; Ciach, M.; Diehl, R.; Reynolds, D.R.; Stepanian, P.M.; Menz, M.H.M. |
| Title |
Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecography |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals; Review |
| Abstract |
Radar is at the forefront for the study of broad‐scale aerial movements of birds, bats and insects and related issues in biological conservation. Radar techniques are especially useful for investigating species which fly at high altitudes, in darkness, or which are too small for applying electronic tags. Here, we present an overview of radar applications in biological conservation and highlight its future possibilities. Depending on the type of radar, information can be gathered on local‐ to continental‐scale movements of airborne organisms and their behaviour. Such data can quantify flyway usage, biomass and nutrient transport (bioflow), population sizes, dynamics and distributions, times and dimensions of movements, areas and times of mass emergence and swarming, habitat use and activity ranges. Radar also captures behavioural responses to anthropogenic disturbances, artificial light and man‐made structures. Weather surveillance and other long‐range radar networks allow spatially broad overviews of important stopover areas, songbird mass roosts and emergences from bat caves. Mobile radars, including repurposed marine radars and commercially dedicated ‘bird radars’, offer the ability to track and monitor the local movements of individuals or groups of flying animals. Harmonic radar techniques have been used for tracking short‐range movements of insects and other small animals of conservation interest. However, a major challenge in aeroecology is determining the taxonomic identity of the targets, which often requires ancillary data obtained from other methods. Radar data have become a global source of information on ecosystem structure, composition, services and function and will play an increasing role in the monitoring and conservation of flying animals and threatened habitats worldwide. |
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0906-7590 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2204 |
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| Author |
Wallace, H. D. |
| Title |
Electric Lighting Policy in the Federal Government, 1880-2016 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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| Keywords |
History; Policy; Lighting |
| Abstract |
Federal policies have targeted electric lighting since the 1880s with varying success. This dissertation examines the history of those policies to understand policy makers’ intent and how their decisions affected the course of events. This qualitative study poses three research questions: How have changes in lamp efficacy affected policy development? How and why have federal policies targeted electric lighting? How have private sector actors adapted public policy to further their own goals? The analysis uses an interdisciplinary approach taking advantage of overlapping methodologies drawn from policy and political sciences, economics, and the history of technology. The concepts of path dependency, context, and actor networks are especially important. Adoption of electric lighting spurred the construction of complex and capital intensive infrastructures now considered indispensable, and lighting always consumed a significant fraction of US electric power. Engineers and scientists created many lamps over the decades, in part to meet a growing demand for energy efficient products. Invention and diffusion of those lamps occurred amid changing standards and definitions of efficiency, shifting relations between network actors, and the development of path dependencies that constrained efforts to affect change. Federal actors typically used lighting policy to conserve resources, promote national security, or to symbolically emphasize the onset of a national crisis. The study shows that after an initial introductory phase, lighting-specific policies developed during two distinct periods. The earlier period consisted of intermittent, crisis-driven federal interventions of mixed success. The later period featured a sustained engagement between public and private sectors wherein incremental adjustments achieved policy goals. A time of transition occurred between the two main periods during which technical, economic, and political contexts changed, while several core social values remained constant. In both early and later periods, private sector actors used policy opportunities to further commercial goals, a practice that public sector actors in the later period used to promote policy acceptance. Recently enacted energy standards removing ordinary incandescent lamps in favor of high efficiency lamps mark the end of the later period. Apparent success means that policy makers should reconsider how they use lighting to achieve future goals. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Maryland |
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English |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2210 |
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| Author |
Clayson, Hollis |
| Title |
Illuminated Paris, Essays on Art and Lighting in the Belle Époque |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2019 |
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| Keywords |
History; Society; Art |
| Abstract |
The City of Light. For many, these four words instantly conjure late nineteenth-century Paris and the garish colors of Toulouse-Lautrec’s iconic posters. More recently, the Eiffel Tower’s nightly show of sparkling electric lights has come to exemplify our fantasies of Parisian nightlife. Though we reflect longingly on such scenes, in Illuminated Paris, Hollis Clayson shows that there’s more to these clichés than meets the eye. In this richly illustrated book, she traces the dramatic evolution of lighting in Paris and how artists responded to the shifting visual and cultural scenes that resulted from these technologies. While older gas lighting produced a haze of orange, new electric lighting was hardly an improvement: the glare of experimental arc lights—themselves dangerous—left figures looking pale and ghoulish. As Clayson shows, artists’ representations of these new colors and shapes reveal turn-of-the-century concerns about modernization as electric lighting came to represent the harsh glare of rapidly accelerating social change. At the same time, in part thanks to American artists visiting the city, these works of art also produced our enduring romantic view of Parisian glamour and its Belle Époque. |
| Address |
Chicago |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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English |
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9780226593869 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2231 |
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