| Records |
| Author |
Manriquez, P.H.; Jara, M.E.; Diaz, M.I.; Quijon, P.A.; Widdicombe, S.; Pulgar, J.; Manriquez, K.; Quintanilla-Ahumada, D.; Duarte, C. |
| Title |
Artificial light pollution influences behavioral and physiological traits in a keystone predator species, Concholepas concholepas |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2019 |
Publication |
The Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Total Environ |
| Volume |
661 |
Issue |
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Pages |
543-552 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) is an increasing global problem that, despite being widely recognized in terrestrial systems, has been studied much less in marine habitats. In this study we investigated the effect of ALAN on behavioral and physiological traits of Concholepas concholepas, an important keystone species of the south-eastern Pacific coast. We used juveniles collected in intertidal habitats that had not previously been exposed to ALAN. In the laboratory we exposed them to two treatments: darkness and white LED (Lighting Emitting Diodes) to test for the impacts of ALAN on prey-searching behavior, self-righting time and metabolism. In the field, the distribution of juveniles was observed during daylight-hours to determine whether C. concholepas preferred shaded or illuminated microhabitats. Moreover, we compared the abundance of juveniles collected during day- and night-time hours. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that juveniles of C. concholepas seek out and choose their prey more efficiently in darkened areas. White LED illuminated conditions increased righting times and metabolism. Field surveys indicated that, during daylight hours, juveniles were more abundant in shaded micro-habitats than in illuminated ones. However, during darkness hours, individuals were not seen to aggregate in any particular microhabitats. We conclude that the exposure to ALAN might disrupt important behavioral and physiological traits of small juveniles in this species which, as a mechanism to avoid visual predators, are mainly active at night. It follows that ALAN in coastal areas might modify the entire community structure of intertidal habitats by altering the behavior of this keystone species. |
| Address |
Departamento de Ecologia y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:30682607 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2213 |
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| Author |
Fiorentin, P.; Boscaro, F. |
| Title |
A method for measuring the light output of video advertising reproduced by LED billboards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Measurement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Measurement |
| Volume |
138 |
Issue |
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Pages |
25-33 |
| Keywords |
Lighting; Energy; Instrumentation; Planning; Light-emitting diode displays; Photometry; Video recording; Image analysis; CCD image sensors; Luminance; Glare |
| Abstract |
Improving knowledge of the light output of digital billboards is important to better assess their effect on driver distraction when they are installed along roads. In this work the emission of an LED based billboard is measured when playing advertising video-clips. In particular the average and the maximum values of the luminance are evaluated. The same video-clips are also analyzed when shown on an LCD monitor, aiming at separating the variability of the videos and of the playing device. The results allow to evaluate an utilization factor of the billboard: the videos have an average luminance around 11% and a peak luminance of 35% of the maximum luminance obtainable from the billboard. The power consumption of the billboard is measured, aside the photometric analysis. The luminance of the device are found linearly dependent on both the power and the effective current absorbed by the device from the grid, with a discrepancy within 6%. It could be a useful information for billboard manufacturers to qualify their product when they do not own photometric instruments. |
| Address |
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; pietro.fiorentin(at)unipd.it |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0263-2241 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2214 |
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| Author |
Su, Z.; Zhong, X.; Zhang, G.; Li, Y.; He, X.; Wang, Q.; Wei, Z.; He, C.; Li, D. |
| Title |
High Sensitive Night-time Light Imaging Camera Design and In-orbit Test of Luojia1-01 Satellite |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
797 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Instrumentation |
| Abstract |
Luojia1-01 satellite is the first scientific experimental satellite applied for night-time light remote sensing data acquisition, and the payload is an optical camera with high sensitivity, high radiation measurement accuracy and stable elements of interior orientation. At the same time, a special shaped hood is designed, which significantly improved the ability of the camera to suppress stray light. Camera electronics adopts the integrated design of focal plane and imaging processing, which greatly reduces the volume and weight of the system. In this paper, the design of the optical camera is summarized, and the results of in-orbit imaging performance tests are analyzed. The results show that the dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) of the camera is better than 0.17, and the SNR is better than 35 dB under the condition of 10 lx illuminance and 0.3 reflectivity and all indicators meet the design requirements. The data obtained have been widely applied in many fields such as the process of urbanization, light pollution analysis, marine fisheries detection and military. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1424-8220 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2215 |
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| Author |
Zhao, X.; Yu, B.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Li, Q.; Wang, C.; Wu, J. |
| Title |
Estimation of Poverty Using Random Forest Regression with Multi-Source Data: A Case Study in Bangladesh |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
375 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Spatially explicit and reliable data on poverty is critical for both policy makers and researchers. However, such data remain scarce particularly in developing countries. Current research is limited in using environmental data from different sources in isolation to estimate poverty despite the fact that poverty is a complex phenomenon which cannot be quantified either theoretically or practically by one single data type. This study proposes a random forest regression (RFR) model to estimate poverty at 10 km × 10 km spatial resolution by combining features extracted from multiple data sources, including the National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) nighttime light (NTL) data, Google satellite imagery, land cover map, road map and division headquarter location data. The household wealth index (WI) drawn from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program was used to reflect poverty level. We trained the RFR model using data in Bangladesh and applied the model to both Bangladesh and Nepal to evaluate the model’s accuracy. The results show that the R2 between the actual and estimated WI in Bangladesh is 0.70, indicating a good predictive power of our model in WI estimation. The R2 between actual and estimated WI of 0.61 in Nepal also indicates a good generalization ability of the model. Furthermore, a negative correlation is observed between the district average WI and the poverty head count ratio (HCR) in Bangladesh with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient of -0.6. Using Gini importance, we identify that proximity to urban areas is the most important variable to explain poverty which contribute to 37.9% of the explanatory power. Compared to the study that used NTL and Google satellite imagery in isolation to estimate poverty, our method increases the accuracy of estimation. Given that the data we use are globally and publicly available, the methodology reported in this study would also be applicable in other countries or regions to estimate the extent of poverty. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2217 |
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| Author |
Elvidge, C.; Zhizhin, M.; Baugh, K.; Hsu, F.; Ghosh, T. |
| Title |
Extending Nighttime Combustion Source Detection Limits with Short Wavelength VIIRS Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
395 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) collects low light imaging data at night in five spectral bands. The best known of these is the day/night band (DNB) which uses light intensification for imaging of moonlit clouds in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR). The other four low light imaging bands are in the NIR and short-wave infrared (SWIR), designed for daytime imaging, which continue to collect data at night. VIIRS nightfire (VNF) tests each nighttime pixel for the presence of sub-pixel IR emitters across six spectral bands with two bands each in three spectral ranges: NIR, SWIR, and MWIR. In pixels with detection in two or more bands, Planck curve fitting leads to the calculation of temperature, source area, and radiant heat using physical laws. An analysis of January 2018 global VNF found that inclusion of the NIR and SWIR channels results in a doubling of the VNF pixels with temperature fits over the detection numbers involving the MWIR. The addition of the short wavelength channels extends detection limits to smaller source areas across a broad range of temperatures. The VIIRS DNB has even lower detection limits for combustion sources, reaching 0.001 m2 at 1800 K, a typical temperature for a natural gas flare. Comparison of VNF tallies and DNB fire detections in a 2015 study area in India found the DNB had 15 times more detections than VNF. The primary VNF error sources are false detections from high energy particle detections (HEPD) in space and radiance saturation on some of the most intense events. The HEPD false detections are largely eliminated in the VNF output by requiring multiband detections for the calculation of temperature and source size. Radiance saturation occurs in about 1% of the VNF detections and occurs primarily in the M12 spectral band. Inclusion of the radiances affected by saturation results in temperature and source area calculation errors. Saturation is addressed by identifying the presence of saturation and excluding those radiances from the Planck curve fitting. The extremely low detection limits for the DNB indicates that a DNB fire detection algorithm could reveal vast numbers of combustion sources that are undetectable in longer wavelength VIIRS data. The caveats with the DNB combustion source detection capability is that it should be restricted to pixels that are outside the zone of known VIIRS detected electric lighting. |
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2072-4292 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2218 |
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