| Records |
| Author |
Simoneau, A.; Aubé, M.; Bertolo, A. |
| Title |
Multispectral analysis of the night sky brightness and its origin for the Asiago Observatory, Italy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2020 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
MNRAS |
| Volume |
491 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
4398-4405 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; light pollution; numerical methods; Site testing; Italy; Observatories |
| Abstract |
Night protection has been a major concern for astronomers since the electrification of cities and is beginning to be recognized as a major environmental problem. In recent years, regulations have been put in place through the establishment of Dark Sky Reserves that impose stringent constraints on lighting practices for cities in protected areas. Astronomers from the Asiago Observatory, located in the Veneto region of Italy, would like to create an area of this nature around their facilities to improve and protect the quality of their astronomical observations. This study assesses the current state of the sky in the region through numerical modelling using the latest improvements to the ILLUMINA model and aims to identify the main contributing sources of artificial light. The explicit calculation of the contribution of private residential lighting helps to discern the origin of the light. We also present a new approach for extracting an estimate of the distribution of lamp technology in a region from images taken from the International Space Station. |
| Address |
Bishop’s University, 2600 rue College, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 1Z7, Canada; alsimoneau(at)gmail.com |
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Oxford Academic |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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0035-8711 |
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| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2790 |
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| Author |
Hicks, D.; Attia, D.; Behar-Cohen, F.; Carre, S.; Enouf, O.; Falcon, J.; Gronfier, C.; Martinsons, C.; Metlaine, A.; Tahkamo, L.; Torriglia, A.; FrancoiseVienot |
| Title |
How good is the evidence that light at night can affect human health? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol |
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Issue |
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Pages |
in press |
| Keywords |
Commentary |
| Abstract |
Light pollution and exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) have become almost universal in the modern world. Although there is an ongoing debate about how such environmental changes can affect human well-being and health, there is no doubt that ALAN perturbs the circadian clock – an ancestral system which synchronizes bodily physiology with the day-night cycle. The eye, especially the retina, has a dual role in this story – on the one hand, it is the unique source of light entry to the central clock in the brain, and on the other, eyes themselves are strongly regulated by endogenous circadian clocks. This editorial gives a very brief overview of the situation and poses certain unanswered questions. |
| Address |
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France |
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English |
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0721-832X |
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PMID:31900646 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2791 |
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| Author |
Kocifaj, M.; Kundracik, F.; Bilý, O. |
| Title |
Emission spectra of light-pollution sources determined from the light-scattering spectrometry of the night sky |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
491 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
5586-5594 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
The emission spectrum of a light-pollution source is a determining factor for modelling artificial light at night. The spectral composition of skyglow is normally derived from the initial spectra of all artificial light sources contributing to the diffuse illumination of an observation point. However, light scattering in the ambient atmosphere imposes a wavelength-specific distortion on the optical signals captured by the measuring device. The nature of the emission, the spectra and the light-scattering phenomena not only control the spectral properties of the ground-reaching radiation, but also provide a unique tool for remote diagnosis and even identification of the emission spectra of the light-polluting sources. This is because the information contained in the night-sky brightness is preferably measured in directions towards a glowing dome of light over the artificial source of light. We have developed a new method for obtaining the emission spectra using remote terrestrial sensing of the bright patches of sky associated with a source. Field experiments conducted in Vienna and Bratislava have been used to validate the theoretical model and the retrieval method. These experiments demonstrate that the numerical inversion is successful even if the signal-to-noise ratio is small. The method for decoding the emission spectra by the light-scattering spectrometry of a night sky is a unique approach that enables for (i) a systematic characterization of the light-pollution sources over a specific territory, and (ii) a significant improvement in the numerical prediction of skyglow changes that we can expect at observatories. |
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0035-8711 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2793 |
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| Author |
Chen, X. |
| Title |
Nighttime Lights and Population Migration: Revisiting Classic Demographic Perspectives with an Analysis of Recent European Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
169 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
This study examines whether the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime lights can be used to predict population migration in small areas in European Union (EU) countries. The analysis uses the most current data measured at the smallest administrative unit in 18 EU countries provided by the European Commission. The ordinary least squares regression model shows that, compared to population size and gross domestic product (GDP), lights data are another useful predictor. The predicting power of lights is similar to population but it is much stronger than GDP per capita. For most countries, regression models with lights can explain 50–90% of variances in small area migrations. The results also show that the annual VIIRS lights (2015–2016) are slightly better predictors for migration population than averaged monthly VIIRS lights (2014–2017), and their differences are more pronounced in high latitude countries. Further, analysis of quadratic models, models with interaction effects and spatial lag, shows the significant effect of lights on migration in the European region. The study concludes that VIIRS nighttime lights hold great potential for studying human migration flow, and further open the door for more widespread application of remote sensing information in studying dynamic demographic processes. |
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2072-4292 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2794 |
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| Author |
Grunst, M.L.; Raap, T.; Grunst, A.S.; Pinxten, R.; Parenteau, C.; Angelier, F.; Eens, M. |
| Title |
Early-life exposure to artificial light at night elevates physiological stress in free-living songbirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environmental Pollution |
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Issue |
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Pages |
in press |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) can disrupt adaptive patterns of physiology and behavior that promote high fitness, resulting in physiological stress and elevation of steroid glucocorticoids (corticosterone, CORT in birds). Elevated CORT may have particularly profound effects early in life, with the potential for enduring effects that persist into adulthood. Research on the consequences of early-life exposure to ALAN remains limited, especially outside of the laboratory, and the effects of early-life light exposure on CORT concentrations in wild nestling birds remain to be elucidated. We used an experimental setup to test the hypothesis that ALAN elevates CORT concentrations in developing free-living birds, by exposing nestling great tits (Parus major) to ALAN inside nest boxes. We measured CORT in feathers grown over the timeframe of the experiment (7 nights), such that CORT concentrations represent an integrative metric of hormone release over the period of nocturnal light exposure, and of development. We also assessed the relationships between feather CORT concentrations, body condition, nestling size rank and fledging success. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between feather CORT concentrations and telomere length. Nestlings exposed to ALAN had higher feather CORT concentrations than control nestlings, and nestlings in poorer body condition and smaller brood members also had higher CORT. On the other hand, telomere length, fledging success, and recruitment rate were not significantly associated with light exposure or feather CORT concentrations. Results indicate that exposure to ALAN elevates CORT concentrations in nestlings, which may reflect physiological stress. In addition, the organizational effects of CORT are known to be substantial. Thus, despite the lack of effect on telomere length and survivorship, elevated CORT concentrations in nestlings exposed to ALAN may have subsequent impacts on later-life fitness and stress sensitivity. |
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0269-7491 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2796 |
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