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Author |
Morelli, F.; Benedetti, Y.; Moravec, D.; Jerzak, L.; Tryjanowski, P.; Liang, W.; Møller, A.P. |
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Title |
Global congruence between cuckoo species richness and biodiversity hotspots |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2019 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Conservation |
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Volume |
232 |
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Pages |
28-34 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Considering loss of biodiversity a global threat, cost-effective tools for monitoring spatial distribution of species are relevant for conservation planning. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the global pattern of species richness in Cuculidae with species richness of birds, amphibians and mammals; (b) whether it is spatially congruent with hotspot areas of biodiversity at a global scale; and (c) whether the distribution of night light intensity reflecting human population density is associated with cuckoo species richness. We mapped the global distribution of all cuckoo species, classified as parasitic or non-parasitic species. Species richness was calculated at a fixed spatial scale for: Cuculidae, amphibians, birds and mammals. We applied Generalized Linear Mixed Models in order to explore the associations between species richness of each group of animals, night light intensity and hotspots of biodiversity areas at a global scale.
Worldwide patterns of species richness of parasitic and non-parasitic cuckoos reflected species richness of birds, amphibians and mammals. In addition, and importantly, species richness of cuckoos was spatially congruent with hotspot areas of biodiversity across the world. Finally, night light intensity was slightly positively associated with species richness of parasitic cuckoos. Our findings confirmed that cuckoos constitute an important surrogate of high species richness of different animal taxa at a global scale: It is easy to learn how to identify cuckoos, whereas other species of birds, mammals or amphibians can only be identified by specialists. Our findings also suggest that other parasitic cuckoo species can be used as a biodiversity surrogate in a similar way as the common cuckoo in Eurasia. |
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0006-3207 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2207 |
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Author |
Lowden, A.; Ozturk, G.; Reynolds, A.; Bjorvatn, B. |
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Title |
Working Time Society consensus statements: Evidence based interventions using light to improve circadian adaptation to working hours |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Industrial Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ind Health |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
213-227 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Review; Occupational Health; circadian adaptation; Shift work |
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Interventions and strategies to improve health through the management of circadian (re)adaptation have been explored in the field, and in both human and animal laboratory manipulations of shiftwork. As part of an initiative by the Working Time Society (WTS) and International Committee on Occupational Health (ICOH), this review summarises the literature on the management of circadian (re)adaption using bright light treatment. Recommendations to maximise circadian adaptation are summarised for practitioners based on a variety of shiftwork schedules. In slowly rotating night shift schedules bright light appears most suitable when used in connection with the first three night shifts. These interventions are improved when combined with orange glasses (to block blue-green light exposure) for the commute home. Non-shifting strategies involve a lower dosage of light at night and promoting natural daylight exposure during the day (also recommended for day shifts) in acordance with the phase and amplitude response curves to light in humans. |
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Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway |
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English |
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0019-8366 |
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PMID:30700675 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2208 |
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Tauc, M.J.; Fristrup, K.M.; Repasky, K.S.; Shaw, J.A. |
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Field demonstration of a wing-beat modulation lidar for the 3D mapping of flying insects |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
OSA Continuum |
Abbreviated Journal |
OSA Continuum |
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2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
332 |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation; Animals |
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We describe a wing-beat modulation lidar system designed for the 3D mapping of flying insects in ecological or entomological studies. To better understand the signals from this instrument, we analyzed simulated signals to identify how they were affected by various imperfections, such as variations in the spacing and amplitude of each individual wing-beat reflection. In addition, a radiometric model was used to estimate signal-to-noise ratio to gain insight into the relationships between the optical system design and insect parameters (e.g., wing size, reflectivity, or diffusivity). |
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2578-7519 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2209 |
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Author |
Agbaria, S.; Haim, A.; Fares, F.; Zubidat, A.E. |
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Title |
Epigenetic modification in 4T1 mouse breast cancer model by artificial light at night and melatonin – the role of DNA-methyltransferase |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
629-643 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Currently, one of the most disputed hypotheses regarding breast cancer (BC) development is exposure to short wavelength artificial light at night (ALAN) as multiple studies suggest a possible link between them. This link is suggested to be mediated by nocturnal melatonin suppression that plays an integral role in circadian regulations including cell division. The objective of the research was to evaluate effects of 1 x 30 min/midnight ALAN (134 micro Wcm(-2), 460 nm) with or without nocturnal melatonin supplement on tumor development and epigenetic responses in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Mice were monitored for body mass (Wb) and tumor volume for 3 weeks and thereafter urine samples were collected at regular intervals for determining daily rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT). Finally, mice were sacrificed and the tumor, lungs, liver, and spleen were excised for analyzing the total activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and global DNA methylation (GDM) levels. Mice exposed to ALAN significantly reduced 6-SMT levels and increased Wb, tumor volume, and lung metastasis compared with controls. These effects were diminished by melatonin. The DNMT activity and GDM levels showed tissue-specific response. The enzymatic activity and GDM levels were lower in tumor and liver and higher in spleen and lungs under ALAN compared with controls. Our results suggest that ALAN disrupts the melatonin rhythm and potentially leading to increased BC burden by affecting DNMT activity and GDM levels. These data may also be applicable to early detection and management of BC by monitoring melatonin and GDM levels as early biomarker of ALAN circadian disruption. |
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b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa, Haifa , Israel; Zubidat3(at)013.net.il |
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Taylor & Francis |
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English |
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English |
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0742-0528 |
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Notes |
PMID:30746962 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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2211 |
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Author |
Zheng, Q.; Weng, Q.; Wang, K. |
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Title |
Developing a new cross-sensor calibration model for DMSP-OLS and Suomi-NPP VIIRS night-light imageries |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
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153 |
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36-47 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Instrumentation |
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Night-time light (NTL) data provides a great opportunity to monitor human activities and settlements. Currently, global-scale NTL data are acquired by two satellite sensors, i.e., DMSP-OLS and VIIRS, but the data collected by the satellites are not compatible. To address this issue, we proposed a method for generating long-term and consistent NTL data. First, a logistic model was employed to estimate and smooth the missing DMSP-OLS data. Second, the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram technique was used to statistically examine the presence of seasonality of monthly VIIRS time series. The seasonal effect, noisy and unstable observations in VIIRS were eliminated by the BFAST time-series decomposition algorithm. Then, we proposed a residuals corrected geographically weighted regression model (GWRc) to generate DMSP-like VIIRS data. A consistent NTL time series from 1996 to 2017 was formed by combining the DMSP-OLS and synthetic DMSP-like VIIRS data. Our assessment shows that the proposed GWRc model outperformed existing methods (e.g., power function model), yielding a lower regression RMSE (6.36), a significantly improved pixel-level NTL intensity consistency (SNDI = 82.73, R2 = 0.986) and provided more coherent results when used for urban area extraction. The proposed method can be used to extend NTL time series, and in conjunction with the upcoming yearly VIIRS data and Black Marble daily VIIRS data, it is possible to support long-term NTL-based studies such as monitoring light pollution in ecosystems, and mapping human activities. |
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0924-2716 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2361 |
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