| Records |
| Author |
Joachim, L.; Storch, T. |
| Title |
Cloud Detection For Night-Time Panchromatic Visible And Near-Infrared Satellite Imagery |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. |
| Volume |
V-2-2020 |
Issue |
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Pages |
853-860 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; Remote Sensing |
Abstract  |
Cloud detection for night-time panchromatic visible and near-infrared (VNIR) satellite imagery is typically performed based on synchronized observations in the thermal infrared (TIR). To be independent of TIR and to improve existing algorithms, we realize and analyze cloud detection based on VNIR only, here NPP/VIIRS/DNB observations. Using Random Forest for classifying cloud vs. clear and focusing on urban areas, we illustrate the importance of features describing a) the scattering by clouds especially over urban areas with their inhomogeneous light emissions and b) the normalized differences between Earth’s surface and cloud albedo especially in presence of Moon illumination. The analyses substantiate the influences of a) the training site and scene selections and b) the consideration of single scene or multi-temporal scene features on the results for the test sites. As test sites, diverse urban areas and the challenging land covers ocean, desert, and snow are considered. Accuracies of up to 85% are achieved for urban test sites. |
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2194-9050 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3064 |
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| Author |
Burggraaff, O., Schmidt, N., Zamorano, J., Pauly, K., Pascual, S., Tapia, C., Spyrakos, E., & Snik, F. |
| Title |
Standardized spectral and radiometric calibration of consumer cameras |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Optical Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
19075-19101 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation |
| Abstract |
Consumer cameras, particularly onboard smartphones and UAVs, are now commonly used as scientific instruments. However, their data processing pipelines are not optimized for quantitative radiometry and their calibration is more complex than that of scientific cameras. The lack of a standardized calibration methodology limits the interoperability between devices and, in the ever-changing market, ultimately the lifespan of projects using them. We present a standardized methodology and database (SPECTACLE) for spectral and radiometric calibrations of consumer cameras, including linearity, bias variations, read-out noise, dark current, ISO speed and gain, flat-field, and RGB spectral response. This includes golden standard ground-truth methods and do-it-yourself methods suitable for non-experts. Applying this methodology to seven popular cameras, we found high linearity in RAW but not JPEG data, inter-pixel gain variations >400% correlated with large-scale bias and read-out noise patterns, non-trivial ISO speed normalization functions, flat-field correction factors varying by up to 2.79 over the field of view, and both similarities and differences in spectral response. Moreover, these results differed wildly between camera models, highlighting the importance of standardization and a centralized database. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2652 |
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| Author |
de Meester, J.; Storch, T. |
| Title |
Optimized Performance Parameters for Nighttime Multispectral Satellite Imagery to Analyze Lightings in Urban Areas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors (Basel) |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
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Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; high spatial resolution; lighting parameter; lighting type classification; multispectral band optimization; nighttime remote sensing; satellite image simulation; urban area |
| Abstract |
Contrary to its daytime counterpart, nighttime visible and near infrared (VIS/NIR) satellite imagery is limited in both spectral and spatial resolution. Nevertheless, the relevance of such systems is unquestioned with applications to, e.g., examine urban areas, derive light pollution, and estimate energy consumption. To determine optimal spectral bands together with required radiometric and spatial resolution, at-sensor radiances are simulated based on combinations of lamp spectra with typical luminances according to lighting standards, surface reflectances, and radiative transfers for the consideration of atmospheric effects. Various band combinations are evaluated for their ability to differentiate between lighting types and to estimate the important lighting parameters: efficacy to produce visible light, percentage of emissions attributable to the blue part of the spectrum, and assessment of the perceived color of radiation sources. The selected bands are located in the green, blue, yellow-orange, near infrared, and red parts of the spectrum and include one panchromatic band. However, these nighttime bands tailored to artificial light emissions differ significantly from the typical daytime bands focusing on surface reflectances. Compared to existing or proposed nighttime or daytime satellites, the recommended characteristics improve, e.g., classification of lighting types by >10%. The simulations illustrate the feasible improvements in nocturnal VIS/NIR remote sensing which will lead to advanced applications. |
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German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center (EOC), Munchener Str. 20, 82234 Wessling, Germany |
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English |
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1424-8220 |
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PMID:32532117 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3006 |
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Gu, Y., Uprety, S., Blonski, S., Zhang, B., & Cao, C. |
| Title |
Improved algorithm for determining the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band high-gain stage dark offset free from light contamination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
58 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1400-1407 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Instrumentation |
| Abstract |
Dark offset is one of the key parameters for Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) high-gain stage (HGS) radiometric calibration, whose accuracy strongly impacts applications of DNB low-light detection for Earth observation at nighttime. Currently, DNB observation of the VIIRS onboard calibrator blackbody (OBCBB) view, together with its observation of deep space during the spacecraft pitch maneuver performed early in the mission, has been used to compute the HGS dark offset continuously. However, the relationship between the DNB OBCBB data and the Earth view (EV) data is unclear due to electronic timing differences between these two views. It is questionable whether the DNB OBCBB data can monitor the EV HGS dark offset change. Through comprehensive analysis of the DNB OBCBB data and EV data acquired from the monthly special acquisitions known as the VIIRS recommended operating procedures (VROPs), we have shown that the OBCBB data can only track the dark current component of the DNB HGS EV dark offset, instead of the total dark offset. The DNB observation of deep space during the spacecraft pitch maneuver was also contaminated by starlight. With such background, in this paper we propose an improved algorithm for determining the DNB HGS dark offset. By combined use of the DNB OBCBB data and the DNB VROP data, the generated DNB HGS dark offset is both free from light contamination and capable of tracking continuous drift. The improved algorithm could potentially improve the DNB radiometric performance at low radiance level. Our results provide a solid theoretical basis for dark offset calibration of the VIIRS DNB onboard Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite and the following Joint Polar Satellite System satellites. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2358 |
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Miller, S.; Straka, W.; Mills, S.; Elvidge, C.; Lee, T.; Solbrig, J.; Walther, A.; Heidinger, A.; Weiss, S. |
| Title |
Illuminating the Capabilities of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
6717-6766 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; satellite imagery; nighttime visible/near-infrared; moonlight |
| Abstract |
Daytime measurements of reflected sunlight in the visible spectrum have been a staple of Earth-viewing radiometers since the advent of the environmental satellite platform. At night, these same optical-spectrum sensors have traditionally been limited to thermal infrared emission, which contains relatively poor information content for many important weather and climate parameters. These deficiencies have limited our ability to characterize the full diurnal behavior and processes of parameters relevant to improved monitoring, understanding and modeling of weather and climate processes. Visible-spectrum light information does exist during the nighttime hours, originating from a wide variety of sources, but its detection requires specialized technology. Such measurements have existed, in a limited way, on USA Department of Defense satellites, but the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, which carries a new Day/Night Band (DNB) radiometer, offers the first quantitative measurements of nocturnal visible and near-infrared light. Here, we demonstrate the expanded potential for nocturnal low-light visible applications enabled by the DNB. Via a combination of terrestrial and extraterrestrial light sources, such observations are always available—expanding many current existing applications while enabling entirely new capabilities. These novel low-light measurements open doors to a wealth of new interdisciplinary research topics while lighting a pathway toward the optimized design of follow-on satellite based low light visible sensors. |
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2072-4292 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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468 |
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