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| Author | Marchant, P.; Hale, J.D.; Sadler, J.P. | ||||
| Title | Does changing to brighter road lighting improve road safety? Multilevel longitudinal analysis of road traffic collision frequency during the relighting of a UK city | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health | Abbreviated Journal | J. Epidemiol. Community Health |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Public Safety; traffic safety; Roadway lighting; road safety; road traffic collisions; United Kingdom | ||||
| Abstract | Background A step change in the night environment is taking place, with the large-scale installation of bright, broad-spectrum road lighting such as white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One justification for this is a reduction in road traffic collisions (RTCs). This study aimed to estimate the effect of new lighting on personal injury RTCs within a large UK city. Methods We analysed a 9-year time series of weekly RTC personal injury counts in 132 areas of the city using multilevel modelling. The RTC rate over a full 24-hour period was the primary outcome; darkness and daylight RTC rates were secondary. The background change in RTC rate was separated from the change associated with the number of newly installed bright lamps by including a polynomial underlying time trend for the logarithm of the mean number of collisions per week for each area. The study was based on a rigorous, predesigned and archived protocol. Results Within-area coefficients for the broad lighting effect were positive; as the number of bright lamps in an area increased, so did the RTC rate. The estimate for the increase in the within-area 24-hour RTC rate is 11% (95% CI 2% to 20%). The estimate of darkness-only RTCs is 16% (95% CI 2% to 32%). If the effect of lighting on darkness RTC rate is adjusted by that for daylight, one obtains 4% (95% CI −12% to +23%). Conclusion No evidence was found for bright lamps leading to an improvement in road safety in any of the analyses. For this city, introducing brighter road lighting may have compromised safety rather than reducing harm. |
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Address  |
Room 221, Leighton Hall, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; p.marchant(at) leedsbeckett.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | BML | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 2835 | ||
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| Author | Gao, X.; Li, X.; Zhang, M.; Chi, L.; Song, C.; Liu, Y. | ||||
| Title | Effects of LED light quality on the growth, survival and metamorphosis ofHaliotis discus hannaiIno larvae | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Aquaculture Research | Abbreviated Journal | Aquac Res |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 3705–3717 |
| Keywords | Animals; Haliotis discus hannai Ino; larva; LED light quality; initial stage of lighting; embryonic development; abalone; photobiology | ||||
| Abstract | Light is a key environmental factor influencing the growth, development and survival of aquatic organisms. We examined the effects of different light qualities (red, orange, white, blue, green or no light) and developmental stage at initial lighting [fertilized egg (FE), trochophore larva (TL), or eye-spot larva (EL)] on the growth, development, and survival of larvae of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Larva-hatching success was significantly higher under blue, green, or no light compared with red, orange or white light (P < 0.05). Larval abnormalities were significantly increased under red, orange or white light compared with all other light qualities (P < 0.05). The incidence of metamorphosis in larvae illuminated from the TL stage was significantly higher under blue compared with other light qualities. Irrespective of the stage at initial illumination, the incidence of metamorphosis was lower in larvae cultured under red, orange or no light compared with other light qualities, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Juvenile survival was significantly higher under blue or green compared with other light qualities (P < 0.05), with no significant effect of stage at initial illumination (P > 0.05). Larval size at completion of the shell was unaffected by stage at initial illumination, but was greater under blue or green light, while size at metamorphosis was greatest following illumination with blue or green light since the TL or EL stage (P < 0.05). Metamorphosis time was shortest with blue or green light and in cultures illuminated from the FE or TL stage (P < 0.05). Larval development from the FE to formation of the fourth tubule on the cephalic tentacles was fastest in larvae exposed since the FE or TL stage to blue or green light, compared with other light qualities (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in terms of the rate of development from the FE to the TL stage between cultures lit or unlit since the FE egg stage (P > 0.05). These results suggest that a blue or green light source applied from the TL stage can increase the hatching and yield of H. discus hannai Ino, with important implications for the development of the aquaculture industry. | ||||
| Address |
Research and Development Center of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China; 18354292961(at)163.com. | ||||
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| Publisher | Wiley | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1355557X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1340 | ||
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| Author | Ebbensgaard, C.L. | ||||
| Title | Making sense of diodes and sodium: Vision, visuality and the everyday experience of infrastructural change | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Geoforum | Abbreviated Journal | Geoforum |
| Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 95-104 | |
| Keywords | Lighting; visual sensorium; United Kingdom | ||||
| Abstract | The recognition of vision as a powerful register for organising urban space locates lighting technologies at the heart of urban experience. Recently, scholars have established that lighting technologies shape not just what we see but how we see, drawing attention towards light as that ‘with which we see’. This article shifts attention from the role of lighting in shaping what and how people see, to how people make sense of changes to their visual sensorium—from what lighting infrastructures do to what is done with them. By following older residents living in the London Borough of Newham along routine travels on foot at night, I demonstrate how they make sense of the Council’s initiative to upgrade their 19,500 street-lamps with Light Emitting Diodes. I demonstrate how such infrastructural change exposes an uneven geographical distribution of and access to light and darkness with potentially detrimental consequences for the formation of public life after dark. Recognising how light infrastructures are reframed through everyday life, I demonstrate how LEDs do not necessarily produce their desired effects and how light clutter and light bleed might contribute to producing nocturnal atmospheres where people feel safe and confident. Broadening the understanding of how different technologies and light sources are important for the formation of inclusive nocturnal publics the article sets out a ‘politics of visibility’ that recognises the role of lighting in creating visibility for and of residents. | ||||
| Address |
Queen Mary University of London, 329 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom; c.l.ebbensgaard(at)qmul.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| ISSN | 0016-7185 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2360 | ||
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| Author | Bennett, S.; Alpert, M.; Kubulins, V.; Hansler, R.L. | ||||
| Title | Use of modified spectacles and light bulbs to block blue light at night may prevent postpartum depression | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Medical Hypotheses | Abbreviated Journal | Med Hypotheses |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 251-253 |
| Keywords | Depression, Postpartum/*prevention & control; *Eyeglasses; Female; Humans; *Lighting; blue light; light therapy; blue blocker | ||||
| Abstract | In 2001 it was discovered that exposing the eyes to light in the blue end of the visible spectrum suppresses the production of the sleep hormone, melatonin. New mothers need to get up during the night to care for their babies. This is the time when melatonin is normally flowing. Exposing their eyes to light can cut off the flow. It may also reset their circadian (internal) clock. On subsequent nights the melatonin may not begin flowing at the normal time making it difficult to fall asleep. Over time, disruption of the circadian rhythm plus sleep deprivation may result in depression. Women suffering postpartum depression were enrolled in a small clinical trial. Some were provided with glasses and light bulbs that block blue light. Others were equipped with glasses and light bulbs that looked colored but did not block the rays causing melatonin suppression. Those with the “real glasses” recovered somewhat more quickly than those with the placebo glasses and light bulbs. The hypothesis that should be tested in large scale clinical trials is that the risk of postpartum depression can be reduced when a new mother avoids exposing her eyes to blue light when she gets up at night to care for her baby. In the meantime, all new mothers may benefit from using glasses and light bulbs that block blue light when getting up at night to care for their babies. | ||||
| Address |
Postpartum Support, International P.O. Box 60931, Santa Barbara, CA 93160, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0306-9877 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:19329259 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 296 | ||
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| Author | Donners, M.; van Grunsven, R.H.A.; Groenendijk, D.; van Langevelde, F.; Bikker, J.W.; Longcore, T.; Veenendaal, E. | ||||
| Title | Colors of attraction: Modeling insect flight to light behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
| Volume | 329 | Issue | 8-9 | Pages | 434-440 |
| Keywords | Animals; ecology; Lighting | ||||
| Abstract | Light sources attract nocturnal flying insects, but some lamps attract more insects than others. The relation between the properties of a light source and the number of attracted insects is, however, poorly understood. We developed a model to quantify the attractiveness of light sources based on the spectral output. This model is fitted using data from field experiments that compare a large number of different light sources. We validated this model using two additional datasets, one for all insects and one excluding the numerous Diptera. Our model facilitates the development and application of light sources that attract fewer insects without the need for extensive field tests and it can be used to correct for spectral composition when formulating hypotheses on the ecological impact of artificial light. In addition, we present a tool allowing the conversion of the spectral output of light sources to their relative insect attraction based on this model. | ||||
| Address |
Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2471-5638 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:29944198 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 1944 | ||
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