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| Author |
Elvidge, C.D.; Keith, D.M.; Tuttle, B.T.; Baugh, K.E. |
| Title |
Spectral identification of lighting type and character |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors (Basel) |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3961-3988 |
| Keywords |
Led; Nightsat; lighting efficiency; lighting types; nighttime lights; photopic band |
| Abstract |
We investigated the optimal spectral bands for the identification of lighting types and the estimation of four major indices used to measure the efficiency or character of lighting. To accomplish these objectives we collected high-resolution emission spectra (350 to 2,500 nm) for forty-three different lamps, encompassing nine of the major types of lamps used worldwide. The narrow band emission spectra were used to simulate radiances in eight spectral bands including the human eye photoreceptor bands (photopic, scotopic, and “meltopic”) plus five spectral bands in the visible and near-infrared modeled on bands flown on the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). The high-resolution continuous spectra are superior to the broad band combinations for the identification of lighting type and are the standard for calculation of Luminous Efficacy of Radiation (LER), Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and Color Rendering Index (CRI). Given the high cost that would be associated with building and flying a hyperspectral sensor with detection limits low enough to observe nighttime lights we conclude that it would be more feasible to fly an instrument with a limited number of broad spectral bands in the visible to near infrared. The best set of broad spectral bands among those tested is blue, green, red and NIR bands modeled on the band set flown on the Landsat Thematic Mapper. This set provides low errors on the identification of lighting types and reasonable estimates of LER and CCT when compared to the other broad band set tested. None of the broad band sets tested could make reasonable estimates of Luminous Efficacy (LE) or CRI. The photopic band proved useful for the estimation of LER. However, the three photoreceptor bands performed poorly in the identification of lighting types when compared to the bands modeled on the Landsat Thematic Mapper. Our conclusion is that it is feasible to identify lighting type and make reasonable estimates of LER and CCT using four or more spectral bands with minimal spectral overlap spanning the 0.4 to 1.0 um region. |
| Address |
Earth Observation Group, Solar and Terrestrial Division, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. chris.elvidge@noaa.gov |
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English |
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1424-8220 |
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PMID:22319336; PMCID:PMC3274255 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
275 |
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Johansson, M.; Pedersen, E.; Maleetipwan-Mattsson, P.; Kuhn, L.; Laike, T. |
| Title |
Perceived outdoor lighting quality (POLQ): A lighting assessment tool |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Environmental Psychology |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
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Pages |
14-21 |
| Keywords |
Perception; Street lighting; Observation-based environmental assessment; Urban space |
| Abstract |
A shift towards more energy-efficient light sources for outdoor lighting such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is underway. Photometric measures are not sufficient to capture how users experience the light, so complementary tools are required. This study aimed to develop an observer-based environmental assessment tool, based on bipolar semantic differentials, for outdoor lighting in urban spaces. Exploratory (N = 130) and confirmatory (N = 117) factor analyses of observations of lighting installations made by laypersons on-site along pedestrian paths, resulted in two dimensions of high reliability: the Perceived Strength Quality (PSQ, Cronbach's alpha = 0.82–0.85) and the Perceived Comfort Quality (PCQ, Cronbach's alpha = 0.77–0.81). PSQ and PCQ differentiated between light sources of different illuminance level, colour temperature and colour rendering. Regression analyses showed that the perceived lighting qualities helped to explain the variance in visual accessibility, whereas PCQ helped to explain perceived danger in the environment. The perceived lighting qualities can add to the understanding of pedestrians' perception of outdoor lighting, and is proposed as a complementary tool for development of sustainable light designs in the urban environment. |
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0272-4944 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
279 |
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| Author |
Kuhn, L.; Johansson, M.; Laike, T.; Goven, T. |
| Title |
Residents' perceptions following retrofitting of residential area outdoor lighting with LEDs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
568-584 |
| Keywords |
*Lighting; outdoor lighting; LED; light emitting diode; lighting levels; public opinion |
| Abstract |
The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in outdoor lighting has energy-saving potential, but users’ responses to this light source are largely unknown. An intervention study in two residential areas compared conventional lighting installations (high pressure sodium in Area 1 and high pressure mercury in Area 2) to a retrofitted LED-alternative regarding residents’ perceptions of quality of light, visual accessibility and danger. Moreover, energy use was calculated. Residents’ (N = 60) visual accessibility improved and perceived danger remained low in both areas after retrofitting. In Area 2 the perceived quality of light increased, whereas in Area 1 the results were mixed. The retrofitted application reduced energy use by 41–76% and might be a feasible alternative to conventional outdoor lighting in relatively safe areas. |
| Address |
Environmental Psychology, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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1477-1535 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
280 |
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Zukauskas, A.; Vaicekauskas, R.; Tuzikas, A.; Petrulis, A.; Stanikunas, R.; Svegzda, A.; Eidikas, P.; Vitta, P. |
| Title |
Firelight LED Source: Toward a Balanced Approach to the Performance of Solid-State Lighting for Outdoor Environments |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
IEEE Photonics Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Photonics J. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1-16 |
| Keywords |
LED; lighting; lighting technology; light emitting diode; firelight LED |
| Abstract |
We report on a blue-amber (“firelightâ€) cluster of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with extra-low correlated color temperature (~1860 K) optimized for outdoor lighting under mesopic conditions. When compared with common white LEDs, the firelight LED cluster shows considerably reduced indexes of melatonin suppression and skyglow, increased retinal illuminance for elderly people, but a reduced performance of perceiving colors, which, however, can be tolerated at mesopic luminance. In comparison with an almost metameric high-pressure sodium lamp, the cluster exhibits a potentially higher luminous efficacy, similar reaction time and detection threshold of luminance contrasts for achromatic targets, and noticeably improved color discrimination characteristics. |
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1943-0655 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
281 |
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Aubé, M.; Roby, J.; Kocifaj, M. |
| Title |
Evaluating potential spectral impacts of various artificial lights on melatonin suppression, photosynthesis, and star visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e67798 |
| Keywords |
Humans; *Light; Lighting/methods; Melatonin/*metabolism; Photosynthesis/*radiation effects; Plant Development/radiation effects; blue light; circadian disruption |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night can be harmful to the environment, and interferes with fauna and flora, star visibility, and human health. To estimate the relative impact of a lighting device, its radiant power, angular photometry and detailed spectral power distribution have to be considered. In this paper we focus on the spectral power distribution. While specific spectral characteristics can be considered harmful during the night, they can be considered advantageous during the day. As an example, while blue-rich Metal Halide lamps can be problematic for human health, star visibility and vegetation photosynthesis during the night, they can be highly appropriate during the day for plant growth and light therapy. In this paper we propose three new indices to characterize lamp spectra. These indices have been designed to allow a quick estimation of the potential impact of a lamp spectrum on melatonin suppression, photosynthesis, and star visibility. We used these new indices to compare various lighting technologies objectively. We also considered the transformation of such indices according to the propagation of light into the atmosphere as a function of distance to the observer. Among other results, we found that low pressure sodium, phosphor-converted amber light emitting diodes (LED) and LED 2700 K lamps filtered with the new Ledtech's Equilib filter showed a lower or equivalent potential impact on melatonin suppression and star visibility in comparison to high pressure sodium lamps. Low pressure sodium, LED 5000 K-filtered and LED 2700 K-filtered lamps had a lower impact on photosynthesis than did high pressure sodium lamps. Finally, we propose these indices as new standards for the lighting industry to be used in characterizing their lighting technologies. We hope that their use will favor the design of new environmentally and health-friendly lighting technologies. |
| Address |
Departement de physique, Cegep de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. martin.aube@cegepsherbrooke.qc.ca |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:23861808; PMCID:PMC3702543 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
282 |
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