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Gil-de-Castro, A.; Moreno-Munoz, A.; Larsson, A.; de la Rosa, J.; Bollen, M. |
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Title |
LED street lighting: A power quality comparison among street light technologies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
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45 |
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6 |
Pages |
710-728 |
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Keywords |
LED; LED lighting; high-pressure sodium; HPS; outdoor lighting; lighting technology |
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High-pressure sodium lamps are currently the main lamps used in public lighting. However, the possibility of using high-power light emitting diode (LEDs) for street lighting is growing continuously due to their greater energy efficiency, robustness, long life and light control. The aim of this paper is to study the power quality of high-power lighting networks based on LED and high-pressure sodium lamps. Both electromagnetic and dimmable electronic ballasts, which can dim the lamp output smoothly and uniformly, have been used connected to high-pressure sodium lamps. High-pressure sodium lamps connected to electronic equipment have been tested with different arc power levels using dimming on a 230 V power supply. The study presented in this paper is completely based on measurements, including harmonic currents in the frequency range up to 150 kHz for all the technologies. The main results show a broadband spectrum in LED lamps which confirms other research in fluorescent lamps powered by high-frequency ballasts. Results also indicate a decrease in the harmonic value with increasing harmonic order, and a decrease in the harmonic value at half load (60%) compared with full load (100%). Although total harmonic distortion of the current is lower with high-pressure sodium lamps connected to electronic rather than electromagnetic ballasts, LED lamps achieved the lowest total harmonic distortion of current. |
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Department of Computer Architecture, Electronics and Electronic Technology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain |
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1477-1535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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333 |
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Johansson, M.; Rosen, M.; Kuller, R. |
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Title |
Individual factors influencing the assessment of the outdoor lighting of an urban footpath |
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2011 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
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43 |
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1 |
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31-43 |
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Keywords |
footpath lighting; pathway lighting; outdoor lighting; lighting perception |
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During the hours of darkness, the mobility of young women, the elderly and the disabled is limited in urban areas. In a field study possible predictors of the perceived visual accessibility and the perceived danger of an urban footpath were investigated. Eighty-one people individually walked along the footpath after dark. They subjectively assessed the environment and answered a questionnaire about personality and socio-demographics. Visual accessibility was predicted by visual field, environmental trust and brightness. Danger was predicted by the pleasantness of the lighting, gender, brightness and environmental trust. Consequently, the influence of individual characteristics, including the subjective judgments of brightness and hedonic tone and the personality dimension of trust in the physical environment, should be considered in the design of exterior lighting for urban footpaths. |
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Environmental Psychology, Department of Architecture and Built Environment Lund University, Sweden |
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1477-1535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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334 |
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Sperber, A.N.; Elmore, A.C.; Crow, M.L.; Cawlfield, J.D. |
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Performance evaluation of energy efficient lighting associated with renewable energy applications |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Renewable Energy |
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Renewable Energy |
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44 |
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423-430 |
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Renewable energy; Energy efficiency; Ultra capacitor; Light emitting diodes; Metal halide; LED; LED lighting |
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Energy efficiency is a primary consideration when designing off-grid renewable energy systems including portable micro-grids. This study focuses on characterizing the potential benefits associated with using energy efficient exterior area lighting commonly associated with remote installations. Light emitting diode (LED) luminaires are becoming more commercially available, and this study compares two LED products designed for exterior lighting to traditional metal halide lamps. The characterization focuses on the use of a diesel generator, battery bank, and a bank of ultra capacitors (UCAPs) to power the lights because these systems are also used to generate or store energy at renewable energy-powered micro-grids. This field-based study quantifies the illuminance provided by each lighting system, diesel consumption rates associated with powering the lights and/or charging the batteries and UCAPs, and the time of operation for each lighting system when powered by a single discharge cycle of the batteries and UCAPs. The energy efficiency benefit of the LED luminaires is offset by their lower illuminance. However, a comparison of lighting standards for specific purposes such as security lighting indicates that LEDs may be appropriate for applications where a metal halide system would provide significantly more illumination than required at a much higher energy cost. For those purposes where higher levels of illuminance are required, the data presented in the paper may be useful in designing a renewable energy-powered micro-grid that uses multiple LED fixtures to illuminate an exterior area that is currently illuminated by a single metal halide light stand. |
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Geological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 129 McNutt Hall, 1400 N. Bishop Avenue Rolla, MO 65409, USA |
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0960-1481 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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335 |
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Kostic, A.; Djokic, L. |
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Title |
Subjective impressions under LED and metal halide lighting |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
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46 |
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3 |
Pages |
293-307 |
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Keywords |
lighting; outdoor lighting; subjective; LED; metal halide; *Safety; Belgrade |
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In order to compare subjective impressions created by LED and metal halide ambient lighting, a pilot project was conducted in a Belgrade park. All general requirements for an adequate comparison of subjective impressions were fulfilled. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire related to all aspects the researchers considered relevant for subjective evaluation of illuminated pedestrian paths in parks. It was concluded that the respondents, both those who had and those who did not have previous knowledge in the field of lighting, strongly preferred the use of metal halide lamps for the illumination of parks, which is in opposition to the statements of some LED manufacturers. It was also shown that light level and feelings of safety and comfort are evaluated as most important. |
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Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia |
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IDA @ john @ |
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336 |
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Author |
Li, Fusheng; Chen, Yuming; Liu, Yang; Chen, Dahua |
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Title |
Comparative in Situ Study of LEDs and HPS in Road Lighting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
LEUKOS: The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Leukos |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
205-214 |
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Keywords |
Roadway lighting, visibility, LED, high-pressure sodium; LED lighting; HPS, STV, achromatic target, colored target |
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The effect of spectrum on the visibility of roadway lighting targets was investigated. The experiment focused on the relation between average visibility ratings and small target visibility (STV) under installations that employed LED and HPS light sources. Achromatic targets were more visible under LEDs illumination conditions than under HPS illumination conditions. The results also suggest that the visibility of colored objects on the road was better under LEDs illumination conditions in comparison to HPS. The results cannot be generalized to all LED light sources, but are likely indicative of LEDs with similar spectral power distributions (SPDs). Relative visibility under source types with different SPDs, and which provide different luminance distributions, should merit consideration when selecting a light source for roadway lighting. |
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Department of Illuminating Engineering & Light Sources, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, China |
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IDA @ john @ |
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337 |
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