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Pantoni, R.; Fonseca, C.; Brandão, D. |
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Street Lighting System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks. |
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2012 |
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Chapter 16 in Energy Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities, M Eissa ed. |
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Lighting Systems |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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447 |
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Mattfeld, M.; Ehlers, F.; Reichenback, M. |
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Optimising the Lighting Equipment on the Mittelplate Drilling and Production Island in the German Wadden Sea Tidelands. |
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2012 |
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Oil Gas European Magazine |
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38 |
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90-94 |
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Ecology; Lighting Systems |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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476 |
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Cinzano, P. |
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Technical Measures for an effective limitation of the effects of light pollution. |
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2002 |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
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574 |
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Cinzano, P.; Javier, F.; Castro, D.; Astronomia, D.; Padova, U. |
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The artificial sky luminance and the emission angles of the upward light flux. |
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1998 |
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arXiv preprint astro-ph |
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The direction of the upward light emission has different polluting effects on the sky depending on the distance of the observation site. We studied with detailed models for light pollution propagation the ratio (bH)/(bL), at given distances from a city, between the artificial sky luminance bH produced by its upward light emission between a given threshold angle θ0 and the vertical and the artificial sky luminance bL produced by its upward light emission between the horizontal and the threshold angle θ0. Our results show that as the distance from the city increases the effects of the emission at high angles above the horizontal decrease relative to the effects of emission at lower angles above the horizontal. Outside some kilometers from cities or towns the light emitted between the horizontal and 10\deg ~is as important as the light emitted at all the other angles in producing the artificial sky luminance. Therefore the protection of a site requires also a careful control of this emission which needs to be reduced to at most 1/10 of the remaining emission. The emission between the horizontal and 10\deg ~is mostly produced by spill light from luminaires, so fully shielded fixtures (e.g. flat glass luminaires or asymmetric spot-lights installed without any tilt) are needed for this purpose. |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
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575 |
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Pendoley, K.; Kamrowski, R. |
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Influence of horizon elevation on the sea-finding behaviour of hatchling flatback turtles exposed to artificial light glow |
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2015 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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529 |
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279-288 |
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Animals; Hatchling orientation; Artificial lighting; Horizon elevation; Marine turtle; Conservation management; Elevation; Industry; Coastal development; Sea turtle; Sea turtle conservation |
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Marine turtles are threatened globally by increasing coastal development. In particular, increased artificial lighting at the nesting beach has the potential to disrupt turtle breeding success. Few published data exist regarding the behaviour of the flatback turtle Natator depressus, a species endemic to Australia, in response to artificial light. Given the ongoing industrialisation of the Australian coastline, this study is a timely investigation into the orientation of flatback hatchlings exposed to light glow produced by lighting typically used in industrial settings. We recorded the orientation of hatchlings at the nesting beach on Barrow Island, Western Australia, exposed to 3 types of standard lighting — high-pressure sodium vapour (HPS), metal halide (MH), and fluorescent white (FW)—at 3 different intensities. The light array was positioned either behind a high dune (producing a high, dark silhouette; 16° elevation), or in a low creek bed (producing a low silhouette and bright horizon; 2° elevation). At medium and high light intensities of all 3 light types, hatchlings were significantly less ocean-oriented when exposed to light at 2° elevation compared to 16° elevation. This difference remained with glow from low-intensity MH light; however, there was no significant difference in orientation of hatchlings exposed to low- intensity HPS and FW light glow at either elevation. Our study emphasises the importance of horizon elevation cues in hatchling sea-finding. Since all species of marine turtles show similar sea-finding behaviour, our results have important implications for management of lighting adjacent to turtle nesting beaches in Australia and elsewhere, as coastal development continues. |
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Pendoley Environmental Pty Ltd, 12A Pitt Way, Booragoon, Western Australia 6154, Australia; ruth.kamrowski@penv.com.au |
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English |
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0171-8630 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1189 |
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