| Records |
| Author |
Huang, B.J.; Wu, M.S.; Hsu, P.C.; Chen, J.W.; Chen, K.Y. |
| Title |
Development of high-performance solar LED lighting system |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Energy Conversion and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Conversion and Management |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1669-1675 |
| Keywords |
Stand-alone solar system; Off-grid solar system; Solar-powered lighting; LED lighting; Solar LED lighting; LED; outdoor lighting |
| Abstract |
The present study developed a high-performance charge/discharge controller for stand-alone solar LED lighting system by incorporating an nMPPO system design, a PWM battery charge control, and a PWM battery discharge control to directly drive the LED. The MPPT controller can then be removed from the stand-alone solar system and the charged capacity of the battery increases 9.7%. For LED driven by PWM current directly from battery, a reliability test for the light decay of LED lamps was performed continuously for 13,200 h. It has shown that the light decay of PWM-driven LED is the same as that of constant-current driven LED. The switching energy loss of the MOSFET in the PWM battery discharge control is less than 1%. Three solar-powered LED lighting systems (18 W, 100 W and 150 W LED) were designed and built. The long-term outdoor field test results have shown that the system performance is satisfactory with the control system developed in the present study. The loss of load probability for the 18 W solar LED system is 14.1% in winter and zero in summer. For the 100 W solar LED system, the loss of load probability is 3.6% in spring. |
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0196-8904 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
330 |
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| Author |
Kyba, C.C.M.; Hänel, A.; Hölker, F. |
| Title |
Redefining efficiency for outdoor lighting |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Energy & Environmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Environ. Sci. |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1806 |
| Keywords |
*Lighting; outdoor lighting; luminous efficiency; lighting standards; public policy; illuminance; street lighting |
| Abstract |
Improvements in the luminous efficiency of outdoor lamps might not result in energy savings or reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The reason for this is a rebound effect: when light becomes cheaper, many users will increase illumination, and some previously unlit areas may become lit. We present three policy recommendations that work together to guarantee major energy reductions in street lighting systems. First, taking advantage of new technologies to use light only when and where it is needed. Second, defining maximum permitted illuminances for roadway lighting. Third, defining street lighting system efficiency in terms of kilowatt hours per kilometer per year. Adoption of these policies would not only save energy, but would greatly reduce the amount of light pollution produced by cities. The goal of lighting policy should be to provide the light needed for any given task while minimizing both the energy use and negative environmental side effects of the light. |
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Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany |
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1754-5692 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
244 |
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| Author |
Luginbuhl, C.B.; Lockwood, G.W.; Davis, D.R.; Pick, K.; Selders, J. |
| Title |
From The Ground Up I: Light Pollution Sources in Flagstaff, Arizona |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
Abbreviated Journal |
Publ Astron Soc Pac |
| Volume |
121 |
Issue |
876 |
Pages |
185-203 |
| Keywords |
light pollution; Flagstaff; Arizona; measurements; lighting policy; public policy |
| Abstract |
We develop an estimate of the complete outdoor lighting of Flagstaff Arizona, as well as lighting-use densities (lumens per acre) for a number of different land uses. We find a total outdoor light output of 173 million lumens (Mlm) including sports lighting, and 139 Mlm without sports lighting, with an uncertainty of about 7%. The average fraction escaping directly upward from light fixtures is estimated to be 8.3%. After correcting approximately for near-ground blocking described in the accompanying paper by Luginbuhl et al., total uplight is estimated at 17.9 Mlm or 12.2 Mlm with and without sports lighting, respectively. Of these 17.9 Mlm, 33% arise from sports lighting, when it is on; when sports lighting is off, commercial and industrial lighting account for 62% with the remainder dominated by residential (14%) and roadway lighting (12%). We show that the 1989 Flagstaff lighting code that limited total outdoor lighting on new construction has reduced the growth rate of lighting, resulting in a 17% growth in light escaping into the sky from 1989 to 2003, compared to a 43% increase expected if the 1989 code had not been enacted. If all legally nonconforming lighting installed before 1989 were to be brought into compliance with the code, we would expect sky glow in Flagstaff to actually decrease by 36% compared to that in 2003; if all lighting, including residential, could be converted to fully shielded fixtures, sky glow would decrease to about half the current value. The implications for the most effective ways to address sky glow through lighting codes are discussed. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
246 |
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| Author |
Boyce, P.; Fotios, S.; Richards, M. |
| Title |
Road lighting and energy saving |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
245-260 |
| Keywords |
public policy; roadway lighting; energy consumption |
| Abstract |
This paper examines how the lighting of roads in the UK might be changed so as to preserve the benefits while minimising energy consumption. It is divided into four sections, these being changes in technology, changes in patterns of use, changes in standards and contracts and changes in the basis of design. Useful changes in technology and patterns of use are available now, but their use will raise the question as to whether or not environmental considerations can override conventional financial constraints. Changes in standards and the basis of design are much more long term. Comparisons of road lighting standards used in different countries show significant differences that deserve examination. As for the basis of design, consideration of the importance of light to fatal and personal injury accidents of different types suggests that road lighting should be concentrated where pedestrians are common, not where speeds are highest. Ultimately, considering carefully what problem road lighting is intended to solve and whether or not road lighting is the best answer is the key to minimising the energy consumption of road lighting without diminishing road safety. |
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1477-1535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
249 |
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| Author |
Marchant, P. |
| Title |
Evaluating area-wide crime-reduction measures |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Significance |
Abbreviated Journal |
Significance |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
62-65 |
| Keywords |
lighting; crime; safety |
| Abstract |
When we look around an imperfect world, we feel an understandable impulse to improve matters. We may therefore decide to intervene by prescribing medical treatment or by introducing crime reduction measures. But how do we know that what we do is likely to work? In medicine the standard answer is to do a trial; not surprisingly the same is true in crime reduction. But, says Paul Marchant, the lessons learned from medical trials have not been implemented in the latter field. |
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1740-9705 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
253 |
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