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Zielinska-Dabkowska, K. M. & Xavia, K. |
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An overview of the cognitive and biological effects of city nighttime illumination including a London case study |
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2018 |
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The Centre for Conscious Design |
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Lighting |
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Current scientific research demonstrates how critical the effects of city nighttime illumination are upon cognitive and biological health1 – which needs to be adequately acknowledged, understood and addressed by conscious cities and the plans they develop. Until recent decades, the design of nighttime lighting was determined mostly by electrical engineers who often applied technical standards to meet the requirements of vehicle-focused cities. Unfortunately, consideration of pedestrians and their visual needs to navigate throughout urbanscapes at night were ignored, and so too, was the impact that artificial lighting might have on them, and the environment. Today, the majority of urban city lighting has been installed without full awareness of its impact, and as a result, artificial light at night (ALAN) and light pollution have become an obvious public nuisance, a health risk and an environmental burden2,3. While poor lighting has its drawbacks, a lack of lighting can have many positive aspects, and urban settings can benefit from protecting, preserving and promoting natural darkness. We present two recent planning and design initiatives of London, in the UK, where the quality of light and value of darkness were not given the degree of attention and consideration they deserve. This paper has particular relevance for urban policy makers, city planners, architects, designers, consultants and researchers as it explores the various problems caused by the obvious lack of responsible nighttime illumination. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2296 |
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Żagan, W.,; Skarżyński, K. |
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Analysis of light pollution from floodlighting: Is there a different approach to floodlighting? |
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2017 |
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Light and Engineering |
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25 |
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1 |
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75-82 |
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LED lighting |
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The research which was prepared for this paper was inspired by a real floodlit object. The main distinctive feature is connected with the directionality of its lighting. The „Sezam” building was one of the first to be illuminated in the opposite way to the usual manner of floodlighting. The analysis, based on the measurement of horizontal illuminance on the pavement in front of the building andof theluminance on the facade, leads to some very unusual conclusions. It goes deeper than merely the assessment of the phenomenon of light pollution in the context of floodlighting. Additionally, a short survey about the preferences of lighting directionality in floodlighting and the general concept of light pollution was conducted on a group of over a dozen people. It turned out that people are quite aware of the phenomenon of light pollution and they rather prefer illumination from floodlighting to be from bottom to top. |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2450 |
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Cho, H.M.; Lee, M.K.; Chang, S.J.; Kim, S. |
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Analysis on Luminance of Outdoor Signboards of Commercial Areas in Seoul at Night Considering Light Pollution |
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2015 |
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Journal of The Korean Society of Living Environment System |
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J. Korean Soc. Living Environ. Sys |
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22 |
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4 |
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583-595-589 |
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Lighting; Light pollution; Commercial areas; Night-time lighting; Outdoor Signboards; Luminance; outdoor lighting; artificial light at night; signs; LED signs; LED billboards |
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As the city is commercialized, the number of stores is increased and it also makes outdoor billboards’ number increased accordingly. And signboards on the street make pedestrians unpleasant, making light pollution by light reflection. In this study, we measured the luminance to target the outdoor signboards of commercial area in Seoul. On the basis of the obtained results, the External system showed high luminance values, and the luminance values of Letter-type system were lower. Furthermore, the measured value at the midnight time was higher, and we considered that the more floating population bring about the high luminance value of the External system. The signboards of External system should be avoided, the Letter-type system should be recommended. |
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School of Architecture, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea; skim(at)ssu.ac.kr |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1319 |
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Li, X.; Duarte, F.; Ratti, C. |
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Analyzing the obstruction effects of obstacles on light pollution caused by street lighting system in Cambridge, Massachusetts |
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2019 |
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Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science |
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Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science |
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in press |
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2399808319861645 |
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Skyglow; Lighting; upward light |
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Artificial light has transformed urban life, enhancing visibility, aesthetics, and increasing safety in public areas. However, too much unwanted artificial light leads to light pollution, which has a negative effect on public health and urban ecosystems, as well as on the aesthetic and cultural meanings of the night sky. Some of the factors interfering with the estimation of light pollution in cities are urban features, such as the presence of trees, road dimensions, and the physical characteristics of buildings. In this study, we proposed a simplified model for unwanted upward light coming from street luminaires based on a building height model and the publicly accessible Google Street View images. We simulated and analyzed the obstruction effects of different street features on the light pollution caused by the street lighting system in Cambridge, Massachusetts. By providing quantitative information about the connections between the streetscape features and the amount of unwanted upward artificial light, this study provides reference values to inform policies aimed at curbing light pollution. |
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2399-8083 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2587 |
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Gibbons, R.; Terry, T.; Bhagavathula, R.; Meyer, J.; Lewis, A. |
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Applicability of mesopic factors to the driving task |
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2015 |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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48 |
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1 |
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70-82 |
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Lighting; Public Safety; Planning |
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With the advent of light-emitting diode technology being applied to roadway lighting, the spectral power distribution of the light source is becoming much more important. In this experiment, the detection of pedestrians at five adaptation levels under three light sources, high pressure sodium and light emitting diodes of two colour temperatures was measured in realistic roadway scenarios. The results show that while the light source type was not significant, an increase in adaptation luminance increased the detection distance. As the offset of the object to the roadway increased, some spectral effects became more significant; however, this effect was not consistent across all angles of eccentricity. The conclusions from this work indicate that mesopic factors may not be applicable on high-speed roads. |
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1477-1535 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1382 |
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