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Author |
Krause, G.H.; Weis, E. |
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Title |
Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis: The Basics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. |
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Volume |
42 |
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1 |
Pages |
313-349 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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1040-2519 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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654 |
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Author |
Raven, J.A.; Cockell, C.S. |
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Title |
Influence on photosynthesis of starlight, moonlight, planetlight, and light pollution (reflections on photosynthetically active radiation in the universe) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Astrobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Astrobiology |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
668-675 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Photosynthesis on Earth can occur in a diversity of organisms in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of 10 nmol of photons m(-2) s(-1) to 8 mmol of photons m(-2) s(-1). Similar considerations would probably apply to photosynthetic organisms on Earth-like planets (ELPs) in the continuously habitable zone of other stars. On Earth, starlight PAR is inadequate for photosynthetically supported growth. An increase in starlight even to reach the minimum theoretical levels to allow for photosynthesis would require a universe that was approximately ten million times older, or with a ten million times greater density of stars, than is the case for the present universe. Photosynthesis on an ELP using PAR reflected from a natural satellite with the same size as our Moon, but at the Roche limit, could support a low rate of photosynthesis at full Moon. Photosynthesis on an ELP-like satellite of a Jupiter-sized planet using light reflected from the planet could be almost 1% of the rate in full sunlight on Earth when the planet was full. These potential contributions to photosynthesis require that the contribution is compared with the rate of photosynthesis driven by direct radiation from the star. Light pollution on Earth only energizes photosynthesis by organisms that are very close to the light source. However, effects of light pollution on photosynthesis can be more widespread if the photosynthetic canopy is retained for more of the year, caused by effects on photoperiodism, with implications for the influence of civilizations on photosynthesis. |
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Plant Research Unit, University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom |
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1557-8070 |
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PMID:16916290 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
Serial |
1198 |
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Author |
Myers, L.; Christian, K.; Kirchner, R. |
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Title |
Flowering responses of 48 lines of oilseed rape (Brassica spp.) to vernalization and daylength |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust. J. Agric. Res. |
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33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
927 |
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Plants |
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Forty-eight lines of Brassica spp, of diverse origins were grown in the glasshouse either under natural daylengths or daylengths extended to 16 h by artificial illumination. Plants were either unvernalized or had been subjected to 6 weeks at 8¦C day and 6¦C night temperatures as seedlings. Lines could be classified into two major groups, according to whether or not vernalization or long photoperiods were essential for 50% flowering within 21 weeks. In six lines, both vernalization and long days were essential for prompt flowering, while only five lines did not respond to either treatment. Strong interactions between lines and treatments were found in the number of leaves and subtended buds at flowering. The results show that a wide range of responses is obtainable from material currently available, offering considerabk, scope for adaptation to different environments. |
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0004-9409 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ intern @ |
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2369 |
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Author |
Tavhare, S.D.; Nishteswar, K.; Shukla, V.J. |
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Title |
Influence of lunar cycles on growth of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Ayu |
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Ayu |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
258-264 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Moonlight |
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INTRODUCTION: Ayurvedic classics have advocated to collect the medicinal plants according to part used and seasons in order to get desired pharmacological action and therapeutic benefits. The logic behind this principle is being validated by recent researches. AIM: To analyze the influence of lunar cycles on growth of Ashwagandha in Shishira and Greeshma Ritu (winter and summer season). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen small crops of Ashwagandha of average size 10 cm were collected on October 7, 2013, from institute campus and then replantation was done at Charaka Herbal Garden, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar in an area of 60 cm x 60 cm (l x b). No fertilizers or pesticides were used. The plants were watered daily and plants were uprooted as per lunar cycles for analysis. Eight samples were collected and observed during Shishira and Greeshma season on Pournima (full moon) and Amavasya (new moon) days. The measurements were taken thrice and average values were taken into consideration for study purpose. The variations in morphological characteristics such as length, breadth, weight, and number of roots and twigs were studied through statistical procedure of principle component analysis, which makes interpretation of all possible related variables. RESULTS: Root weight (RW), pith diameter (PD) and internodal distance (ID) were found to be increased on full moon days as compared to new moon days. The maximum RW was observed during Greeshma Aashadha Pournima. CONCLUSION: The study has shown a definite influence of lunar cycles on the growth of the plant parts assessed by RW, PD, and ID that have found to be increased on full moon days as compared to new moon days. |
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Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India |
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0974-8520 |
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PMID:27313411; PMCID:PMC4895751 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1559 |
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Author |
Rydin, C; Bolinder, K |
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Title |
Moonlight pollination in the gymnosperm Ephedra (Gnetales) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
20140993 |
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Keywords |
Plants; anemophily; entomophily; lunar phases; nocturnal insects; lunar cycle; light at night; Ephedra; Ephedra distachya; pollination |
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Most gymnosperms are wind-pollinated, but some are insect-pollinated, and in Ephedra (Gnetales), both wind pollination and insect pollination occur. Little is, however, known about mechanisms and evolution of pollination syndromes in gymnosperms. Based on four seasons of field studies, we show an unexpected correlation between pollination and the phases of the moon in one of our studied species, Ephedra foeminea. It is pollinated by dipterans and lepidopterans, most of them nocturnal, and its pollination coincides with the full moon of July. This may be adaptive in two ways. Many nocturnal insects navigate using the moon. Further, the spectacular reflection of the full-moonlight in the pollination drops is the only apparent means of nocturnal attraction of insects in these plants. In the sympatric but wind-pollinated Ephedra distachya, pollination is not correlated to the full moon but occurs at approximately the same dates every year. The lunar correlation has probably been lost in most species of Ephedra subsequent an evolutionary shift to wind pollination in the clade. When the services of insects are no longer needed for successful pollination, the adaptive value of correlating pollination with the full moon is lost, and conceivably also the trait. |
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Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden |
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Royal Society |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1143 |
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