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Author |
Rydin, C; Bolinder, K |
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Title |
Moonlight pollination in the gymnosperm Ephedra (Gnetales) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Biol. Lett. |
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11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
20140993 |
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Keywords |
Plants; anemophily; entomophily; lunar phases; nocturnal insects; lunar cycle; light at night; Ephedra; Ephedra distachya; pollination |
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Abstract |
Most gymnosperms are wind-pollinated, but some are insect-pollinated, and in Ephedra (Gnetales), both wind pollination and insect pollination occur. Little is, however, known about mechanisms and evolution of pollination syndromes in gymnosperms. Based on four seasons of field studies, we show an unexpected correlation between pollination and the phases of the moon in one of our studied species, Ephedra foeminea. It is pollinated by dipterans and lepidopterans, most of them nocturnal, and its pollination coincides with the full moon of July. This may be adaptive in two ways. Many nocturnal insects navigate using the moon. Further, the spectacular reflection of the full-moonlight in the pollination drops is the only apparent means of nocturnal attraction of insects in these plants. In the sympatric but wind-pollinated Ephedra distachya, pollination is not correlated to the full moon but occurs at approximately the same dates every year. The lunar correlation has probably been lost in most species of Ephedra subsequent an evolutionary shift to wind pollination in the clade. When the services of insects are no longer needed for successful pollination, the adaptive value of correlating pollination with the full moon is lost, and conceivably also the trait. |
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Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden |
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Royal Society |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1143 |
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Author |
Liu, J.D.; Goodspeed, D.; Sheng, Z.; Li, B.; Yang, Y.; Kliebenstein, D.J.; Braam, J. |
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Title |
Keeping the rhythm: light/dark cycles during postharvest storage preserve the tissue integrity and nutritional content of leafy plants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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BMC Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Plant Biol |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
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Pages |
92 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: The modular body structure of plants enables detached plant organs, such as postharvest fruits and vegetables, to maintain active responsiveness to environmental stimuli, including daily cycles of light and darkness. Twenty-four hour light/darkness cycles entrain plant circadian clock rhythms, which provide advantage to plants. Here, we tested whether green leafy vegetables gain longevity advantage by being stored under light/dark cycles designed to maintain biological rhythms. RESULTS: Light/dark cycles during postharvest storage improved several aspects of plant tissue performance comparable to that provided by refrigeration. Tissue integrity, green coloration, and chlorophyll content were generally enhanced by cycling of light and darkness compared to constant light or darkness during storage. In addition, the levels of the phytonutrient glucosinolates in kale and cabbage remained at higher levels over time when the leaf tissue was stored under light/dark cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance of the daily cycling of light and dark periods during postharvest storage may slow the decline of plant tissues, such as green leafy vegetables, improving not only appearance but also the health value of the crops through the maintenance of chlorophyll and phytochemical content after harvest. |
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Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. braam@rice.edu |
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1471-2229 |
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PMID:25879637; PMCID:PMC4396971 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1458 |
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Author |
Karling, J.S. |
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A Preliminary Account of the Influence of Light and Temperature on Growth and Reproduction in Chara fragilis |
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1924 |
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Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |
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Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |
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51 |
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12 |
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469 |
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Plants |
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0040-9618 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2404 |
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Apostol, K.; Dumroese, R.K.; Pinto, J.R.; Davis, A.S. |
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Title |
Response of conifer species from three latitudinal populations to light spectra generated by light-emitting diodes and high-pressure sodium lamps |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can. J. For. Res. |
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45 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1711-1719 |
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Keywords |
plants |
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Light-emitting diode (LED) technology shows promise for supplementing photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in forest nurseries because of the potential reduction in energy consumption and an ability to supply discrete wavelengths to optimize seedling growth. Our objective was to examine the effects of light spectra supplied by LED and traditional high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps on growth and physiology of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) and Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) seedlings. We used three latitudinal sources for each species: British Columbia (BC), Idaho (ID), and New Mexico (NM). Container seedlings were grown for 17 weeks in the greenhouse under an 18-h photoperiod of ambient solar light supplemented with light delivered from HPS or LED. In general, seedlings grown under LED had significantly greater growth, gas exchange rates, and chlorophyll contents than those seedlings grown under HPS. The growth and physiological responses to supplemental lighting varied greatly among species and seed sources. Generally, LED-grown seedlings from BC had the greatest growth and tissue dry matter followed by ID and NM populations. Compared with HPS, the significant increase in seedling growth and concomitant energy savings with LED (29% energy consumption relative to HPS) demonstrates the promise of using LED as PAR supplemental lighting for container seedling production. |
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0045-5067 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1250 |
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Author |
Patel, J.S.; Radetsky, L.; Rea, M.S. |
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Title |
The Value of Red Light at Night for Increasing Basil Yield |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Canadian Journal of Plant Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can. J. Plant Sci. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1321-1330 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Sweet basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum L.</i>) is primarily used for culinary purposes, but it is also used in the fragrance and medicinal industries. In the last few years, global sweet basil production has been significantly impacted by downy mildew caused by <i>Peronospora belbahrii</i>. Nighttime exposure to red light has been shown to inhibit sporulation of <i>P. belbahrii</i>. The objective of this study was to determine if nighttime exposure to red light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs; λ<sub>max</sub> = 625 nm) could increase plant growth (plant height and leaf size) and yield (number and weight of leaves) in basil plants. In two sets of greenhouse experiments, red light was applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 60 µmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> during the otherwise dark night for 10 hours (from 20:00 to 06:00). The results demonstrate that exposure to red light at night can increase the number of basil leaves per plant, plant height, leaf size (length and width), and leaf fresh and dry weight, compared to plants in darkness at night. The addition of incremental red light at night has the potential to be cost-effective for fresh organic basil production in controlled environments. |
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0008-4220 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1955 |
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