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Ehlert, K.; Piepenbring, M.; Kollar, A. |
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Title |
Ascospore release in apple scab underlies infrared sensation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Fungal Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fungal Biol |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1054-1062 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
The agent of apple scab disease (Venturia inaequalis) is the most common pathogen in apple cultivation. Its ascospores are released in spring, mainly during daylight hours and triggered by rain events. To investigate the causes of diurnal rhythm of ascospore dissemination of the apple scab fungus ascospore releases were examined continuously with spore traps in the orchard and with laboratory assays. One of the spore traps was illuminated at night with different light sources in each year during 2011-2015. The laboratory assays were performed with different light sources with varying wavelengths and intensities. In field and laboratory conditions only light including infrared radiation stimulated ascospore release, but not with light in the visible spectrum only. Artificial illumination during night was correlated with an increase of up to 46 % of ascospores released overnight in the field. We proved that infrared radiation induces V. inaequalis to release its spores. This is the first report in which spore discharge could be stimulated during night under field conditions. |
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Julius Kuehn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Strasse 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany |
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English |
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1878-6146 |
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PMID:29122177 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2454 |
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Author |
Eng, R.Y.N.; Tsujita, M.J.; Grodzinski, B. |
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Title |
The effects of supplementary HPS lighting and carbon dioxide enrichment on the vegetative growth, nutritional status and flowering characteristics ofChrysanthemum morifoliumRamat |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of Horticultural Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Horticultural Science |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
389-395 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Supplementary high pressure sodium (HPS) lighting (140 µmol m−2s−1) and CO2 enrichment (1375 µl l−1) improved the vegetative growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv Dramatic by increases in stem length, stem diameter, root weight ratio, dry weight, relative growth and net assimilation rates. Three-week-old chrysanthemums grown under CO2 enrichment and HPS lighting had lower leaf weight and stem weight ratios as well as lower foliar nutrient content than those grown under ambient CO2 and natural light. Plants grown on to maturity under CO2 enrichment and supplementary HPS lighting had the longest stem lengths, the most flowers and greatest increase in dry weight. The combination of both additional light and CO2 was superior to either factor used alone. With 24 h HPS supplementary lighting CO2 enrichment was most effective in improving vegetative growth and flower quality when applied during the daytime. Night CO2 enrichment was not commercially beneficial at the light levels employed in this study. |
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0022-1589 |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2373 |
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Author |
ffrench-Constant, R.; Somers-Yeates, R.; Bennie, J.; Economou, T.; Hodgson, D.; Spalding, A.; McGregor, P. |
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Title |
Light pollution is associated with earlier tree budburst across the United Kingdom |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Roy Soc B Biol Sci |
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283 |
Issue |
1833 |
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1-9 |
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Plants; light pollution, phenology, species interactions, tree budburst, temperature, urban heat islands; United Kingdom |
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Abstract |
The ecological impact of night-time lighting is of concern because of its well-demonstrated effects on animal behaviour. However, the potential of light pollution to change plant phenology and its corresponding knock-on effects on associated herbivores are less clear. Here, we test if artificial lighting can advance the timing of budburst in trees. We took a UK-wide 13 year dataset of spatially referenced budburst data from four deciduous tree species and matched it with both satellite imagery of night-time lighting and average spring temperature. We find that budburst occurs up to 7.5 days earlier in brighter areas, with the relationship being more pronounced for later-budding species. Excluding large urban areas from the analysis showed an even more pronounced advance of budburst, confirming that the urban ‘heat-island’ effect is not the sole cause of earlier urban budburst. Similarly, the advance in budburst across all sites is too large to be explained by increases in temperature alone. This dramatic advance of budburst illustrates the need for further experimental investigation into the impact of artificial night-time lighting on plant phenology and subsequent species interactions. As light pollution is a growing global phenomenon, the findings of this study are likely to be applicable to a wide range of species interactions across the world. |
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Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and 2 Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK; rf222(at)exeter.ac.uk |
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Royal Society |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1472 |
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Author |
Flowers, N.D.; Gibson, D.J. |
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Quantified effects of artificial versus natural nighttime lighting on the Eurasian grassesBothriochloa bladhii(Poaceae) andBothriochloa ischaemum(Poaceae) and the North American grassesPanicum virgatum(Poaceae) andSorghastrum nutans(Poaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society |
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The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society |
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Volume |
145 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-155 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Artificial nighttime lighting (light pollution) is increasing worldwide and may have undocumented consequences. In this study, we asked if artificial nighttime lighting affects the performance in monoculture of four grass species: the Eurasian Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake (Poaceae), and Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng (Poaceae); and the North American Panicum virgatum (L.) (Poaceae), and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Poaceae). We conducted a field pot experiment to test for the effects of artificial nighttime lighting and plant density on height, biomass, and leaf number. Height of the tallest individual per population was affected by separate interactions between species and density, light, and time. Final total biomass per individual biomass was increased under nighttime lighting, but more so at low density. Leaf number was increased by artificial nighttime lighting irrespective of species. These results suggest that artificial nighttime lighting may have previously undocumented influences on plant height, biomass, and leaf number within certain species. These findings warrant more in-depth studies into the role that artificial nighttime lighting can have on various plant species. |
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1095-5674 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1902 |
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Author |
Gaston, K.J.; Davies, T.W.; Nedelec, S.L.; Holt, L.A. |
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Title |
Impacts of Artificial Light at Night on Biological Timings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-68 |
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Keywords |
Review; Animals; Plants |
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Abstract |
The use of artificial lighting to illuminate the night has provided substantial benefits to humankind. It has also disrupted natural daily, seasonal, and lunar light cycles as experienced by a diversity of organisms, and hence it has also altered cues for the timings of many biological activities. Here we review the evidence for impacts of artificial nighttime lighting on these timings. Although the examples are scattered, concerning a wide variety of species and environments, the breadth of such impacts is compelling. Indeed, it seems reasonable to conclude that the vast majority of impacts of artificial nighttime lighting stem from effects on biological timings. This adds support to arguments that artificial nighttime lighting has a quite pervasive and marked impact on ecological systems, that the rapid expansion in the global extent of both direct illuminance and skyglow is thus of significant concern, and that a widespread implementation of mitigation measures is required. |
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1543-592X |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2449 |
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