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Author  |
Correa-Cano, M.E.; Goettsch, B.; Duffy, J.P.; Bennie, J.; Inger, R.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
Erosion of natural darkness in the geographic ranges of cacti |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
4347 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Naturally dark nighttime environments are being widely eroded by the introduction of artificial light at night (ALAN). The biological impacts vary with the intensity and spectrum of ALAN, but have been documented from molecules to ecosystems. How globally severe these impacts are likely to be depends in large part on the relationship between the spatio-temporal distribution of ALAN and that of the geographic ranges of species. Here, we determine this relationship for the Cactaceae family. Using maps of the geographic ranges of cacti and nighttime stable light composite images for the period 1992 to 2012, we found that a high percentage of cactus species were experiencing ALAN within their ranges in 1992, and that this percentage had increased by 2012. For almost all cactus species (89.7%) the percentage of their geographic range that was lit increased from 1992-1996 to 2008-2012, often markedly. There was a significant negative relationship between the species richness of an area, and that of threatened species, and the level of ALAN. Cacti could be particularly sensitive to this widespread and ongoing intrusion of ALAN into their geographic ranges, especially when considering the potential for additive and synergistic interactions with the impacts of other anthropogenic pressures. |
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Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK |
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English |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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PMID:29531261; PMCID:PMC5847551 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1824 |
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Author |
Davies, T.W.; Smyth, T. |
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Title |
Why artificial light at night should be a focus for global change research in the 21st century |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob Chang Biol |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
872-882 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; Animals; Plants |
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Abstract |
The environmental impacts of artificial light at night have been a rapidly growing field of global change science in recent years. Yet, light pollution has not achieved parity with other global change phenomena in the level of concern and interest it receives from the scientific community, government and nongovernmental organizations. This is despite the globally widespread, expanding and changing nature of night-time lighting and the immediacy, severity and phylogenetic breath of its impacts. In this opinion piece, we evidence 10 reasons why artificial light at night should be a focus for global change research in the 21st century. Our reasons extend beyond those concerned principally with the environment, to also include impacts on human health, culture and biodiversity conservation more generally. We conclude that the growing use of night-time lighting will continue to raise numerous ecological, human health and cultural issues, but that opportunities exist to mitigate its impacts by combining novel technologies with sound scientific evidence. The potential gains from appropriate management extend far beyond those for the environment, indeed it may play a key role in transitioning towards a more sustainable society. |
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Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon, UK |
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English |
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ISSN |
1354-1013 |
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PMID:29124824 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2054 |
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Author |
Dzakovich, M.; Gómez, C.; Mitchell, C. |
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Title |
Tomatoes Grown with Light-emitting Diodes or High-pressure Sodium Supplemental Lights have Similar Fruit-quality Attributes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
HortScience |
Abbreviated Journal |
HortScience |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1498-1502 |
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Keywords |
Plants; greenhouse tomato production; HPS; LED; physicochemical testing; sensory panels; Solanum lycopersium; tomato; high-pressure sodium; agriculture; horticulture; light-emitting diode |
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Abstract |
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an attractive alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps for plant growth because of their energy-saving potential. However, the effects of supplementing broad-waveband solar light with narrow-waveband LED light on the sensory attributes of greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are largely unknown. Three separate studies investigating the effect of supplemental light quantity and quality on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of greenhouse-grown tomato fruit were conducted over 4- or 5-month intervals during 2012 and 2013. Tomato cultivars Success, Komeett, and Rebelski were grown hydroponically within a high-wire trellising system in a glass-glazed greenhouse. Chromacity, Brix, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH measurements of fruit extracts indicated plant response differences between lighting treatments. In sensory panels, tasters ranked tomatoes for color, acidity, and sweetness using an objective scale, whereas color, aroma, texture, sweetness, acidity, aftertaste, and overall approval were ranked using hedonic scales. By collecting both physicochemical as well as sensory data, this study was able to determine whether statistically significant physicochemical parameters of tomato fruit also reflected consumer perception of fruit quality. Sensory panels indicated that statistically significant physicochemical differences were not noticeable to tasters and that tasters engaged in blind testing could not discern between tomatoes from different supplemental lighting treatments or unsupplemented controls. Growers interested in reducing supplemental lighting energy consumption by using intracanopy LED (IC-LED) supplemental lighting need not be concerned that the quality of their tomato fruits will be negatively affected by narrow-band supplemental radiation at the intensities and wavelengths used in this study. |
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Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010 |
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American Society for Horticultural Science |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
0018-5345 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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1301 |
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Author |
Ebisawa, M.; Shoji, K.; Kato, M.; Shimomura, K.; Goto, F.; Yoshihara, T. |
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Title |
Supplementary Ultraviolet Radiation B Together with Blue Light at Night Increased Quercetin Content and Flavonol Synthase Gene Expression in Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Environment Control in Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Control Biol. |
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46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Establishment of an effective supplementary lighting procedure is necessary to increase the value of leaf lettuce grown using a hydroponic method involving a low production cost. In leaf lettuce extracts, quercetin, one of the flavonoids, was isolated and identified. It was investigated that quercetin has important functions that can be used as a dietary supplement. Flavonol synthase (FLS) is a key enzyme involved in quercetin biosynthesis, catalyzes the conversion of dihydroquercetin to quercetin. Therefore, we determined the sequence of the flavonol synthase gene (FLS) in red leaf lettuce. We harvested leaf lettuce grown using supplementary light sources, such as ultraviolet radiation B (UV-B), ultraviolet radiation A, blue, and red lamps during the night. It is noteworthy that FLS expression and the quercetin content were particularly increased to a greater extent in young leaves than in mature leaves when UV-B and blue light were used simultaneously at night. We suggest that UV-B with blue light is used simultaneously at night for producing leaf lettuce with high quercetin content. |
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ISSN |
1880-554X |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2799 |
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Author |
Ehlert, K.; Piepenbring, M.; Kollar, A. |
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Title |
Ascospore release in apple scab underlies infrared sensation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Fungal Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fungal Biol |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1054-1062 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
The agent of apple scab disease (Venturia inaequalis) is the most common pathogen in apple cultivation. Its ascospores are released in spring, mainly during daylight hours and triggered by rain events. To investigate the causes of diurnal rhythm of ascospore dissemination of the apple scab fungus ascospore releases were examined continuously with spore traps in the orchard and with laboratory assays. One of the spore traps was illuminated at night with different light sources in each year during 2011-2015. The laboratory assays were performed with different light sources with varying wavelengths and intensities. In field and laboratory conditions only light including infrared radiation stimulated ascospore release, but not with light in the visible spectrum only. Artificial illumination during night was correlated with an increase of up to 46 % of ascospores released overnight in the field. We proved that infrared radiation induces V. inaequalis to release its spores. This is the first report in which spore discharge could be stimulated during night under field conditions. |
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Julius Kuehn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Strasse 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany |
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English |
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1878-6146 |
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Notes |
PMID:29122177 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2454 |
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