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Macgregor, C.J.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Fox, R.; Evans, D.M. |
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Title |
Pollination by nocturnal Lepidoptera, and the effects of light pollution: a review: Moth pollination and light pollution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Entomol |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
187–198 |
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Keywords |
Ecology; Agro-ecosystems; artificial night lighting; ecological networks; ecosystem services; flowering plants; food-webs; moths; population declines; plants; insects; pollination |
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Abstract |
1. Moths (Lepidoptera) are the major nocturnal pollinators of flowers. However, their importance and contribution to the provision of pollination ecosystem services may have been under-appreciated. Evidence was identified that moths are important pollinators of a diverse range of plant species in diverse ecosystems across the world.
2. Moth populations are known to be undergoing significant declines in several European countries. Among the potential drivers of this decline is increasing light pollution. The known and possible effects of artificial night lighting upon moths were reviewed, and suggest how artificial night lighting might in turn affect the provision of pollination by moths. The need for studies of the effects of artificial night lighting upon whole communities of moths was highlighted.
3. An ecological network approach is one valuable method to consider the effects of artificial night lighting upon the provision of pollination by moths, as it provides useful insights into ecosystem functioning and stability, and may help elucidate the indirect effects of artificial light upon communities of moths and the plants they pollinate.
4. It was concluded that nocturnal pollination is an ecosystem process that may potentially be disrupted by increasing light pollution, although the nature of this disruption remains to be tested. |
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School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K. |
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Wiley |
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English |
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0307-6946 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @; IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1084 |
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Author |
Macgregor, C.J.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Fox, R.; Evans, D.M. |
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Title |
Effects of street lighting technologies on the success and quality of pollination in a nocturnally pollinated plant |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecosphere |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e02550 |
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Keywords |
Ecology; Animals; Plants |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly important driver of global change. Lighting directly affects plants, but few studies have investigated indirect effects mediated by interacting organisms. Nocturnal Lepidoptera are globally important pollinators, and pollen transport by moths is disrupted by lighting. Many street lighting systems are being replaced with novel, energy‐efficient lighting, with unknown ecological consequences. Using the wildflower Silene latifolia, we compared pollination success and quality at experimentally lit and unlit plots, testing two major changes to street lighting technology: in lamp type, from high‐pressure sodium lamps to light‐emitting diodes, and in lighting regime, from full‐night (FN) to part‐night (PN) lighting. We predicted that lighting would reduce pollination. S. latifolia was pollinated both diurnally and nocturnally. Contrary to our predictions, flowers under FN lighting had higher pollination success than flowers under either PN lighting or unlit controls, which did not significantly differ from each other. Lamp type, lighting regime, and distance from the light all significantly affected aspects of pollination quality. These results confirm that street lighting could affect plant reproduction through indirect effects mediated by nocturnal insects, and further highlight the possibility for novel lighting technologies to mitigate the effects of ALAN on ecosystems. |
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2150-8925 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2174 |
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Author |
Maggi, E.; Benedetti-Cecchi, L. |
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Title |
Trophic compensation stabilizes marine primary producers exposed to artificial light at night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
606 |
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1-5 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Animals; Ecology |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a widespread phenomenon along coastal areas. Despite increasing evidence of pervasive effects of ALAN on patterns of species distribution and abundance, the potential of this emerging threat to alter ecological processes in marine ecosystems has remained largely unexplored. Here, we show how exposure to white LED lighting, comparable to that experienced along local urbanized coasts, significantly enhanced the impact of grazing gastropods on epilithic microphytobenthos (MPB). ALAN increased both the photosynthetic biomass of MPB and the grazing pressure of gastropods, such that consumers compensated for the positive effect of night lighting on primary producers. Our results indicate that trophic interactions can provide a stabilizing compensatory mechanism against ALAN effects in natural food webs. |
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0171-8630 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2063 |
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Author |
Margot, J.-L. |
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Title |
Insufficient Evidence of Purported Lunar Effect on Pollination in Ephedra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Biological Rhythms |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biol Rhythms |
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30 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
454-456 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Plants; Moonlight |
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It has been suggested that the timing of pollination in Ephedra foeminea coincides with the full moon in July. The implication is that the plant can detect the full moon through light or gravity and that this trait is an evolutionary adaptation that aids the navigation by pollinating insects. Here we show that there are insufficient data to make such a claim, and we predict that pollinations of E. foeminea do not in general coincide with the full moon. |
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Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA jlm@astro.ucla.edu |
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English |
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0748-7304 |
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PMID:26316347 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1557 |
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Author |
Massetti, L. |
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Title |
Assessing the impact of street lighting on Platanus x acerifolia phenology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
Abbreviated Journal |
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
71-77 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Autumn phenology is an important part of the tree growing season that is still poorly understood. In addition to the environmental factors that might affect its timing, there are artificial effects introduced by modern society that could interfere with it, such as the increasing use of artificial light to illuminate urban nights. This study investigates the relationship between outdoor public lighting and leaf senescence of Platanus x acerifolia that constitutes with more than 4000 individuals, and 6% of public greening in Florence, Italy. The difference in autumn phenology under two lighting conditions was assessed by analysing data collected in a real context, using a presence-absence protocol of green leaves on 283 trees during leaf fall season from 2014 to 2017. Trees were classified in two groups of different light exposure. In 2016-2017, data were also collected at Cascine park, the main green area within the city and darker than the monitored sites. According to the analysis, the percentage of trees with green leaves under luminaires was significantly higher than trees far from the luminaires, for all sites from mid-December to the end of January, and this effect was enhanced during 2016-2017 which was characterised by a colder winter. In the same year, the period of absence of green leaves at Cascine started at least 20 days earlier than the other sites. These findings should be taken into consideration by scientists because artificial light could affect autumn phenology and therefore the length of the vegetative season, and by urban greening and light managers during the design and management of public green spaces. Moreover, the presence-absence protocol proved to be suitable for collecting observations because it was easy to perform in a real context. |
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1618-8667 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1932 |
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