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Author  |
Haag, C.R.; Riek, M.; Hottinger, J.W.; Pajunen, V.I.; Ebert, D. |
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Title |
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in Daphnia metapopulations with subpopulations of known age |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
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Volume |
170 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1809-1820 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Aging; Animals; Daphnia/*genetics/*physiology; *Genetic Variation; *Genetics, Population |
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Abstract |
If colonization of empty habitat patches causes genetic bottlenecks, freshly founded, young populations should be genetically less diverse than older ones that may have experienced successive rounds of immigration. This can be studied in metapopulations with subpopulations of known age. We studied allozyme variation in metapopulations of two species of water fleas (Daphnia) in the skerry archipelago of southern Finland. These populations have been monitored since 1982. Screening 49 populations of D. longispina and 77 populations of D. magna, separated by distances of 1.5-2180 m, we found that local genetic diversity increased with population age whereas pairwise differentiation among pools decreased with population age. These patterns persisted even after controlling for several potentially confounding ecological variables, indicating that extinction and recolonization dynamics decrease local genetic diversity and increase genetic differentiation in these metapopulations by causing genetic bottlenecks during colonization. We suggest that the effect of these bottlenecks may be twofold, namely decreasing genetic diversity by random sampling and leading to population-wide inbreeding. Subsequent immigration then may not only introduce new genetic material, but also lead to the production of noninbred hybrids, selection for which may cause immigrant alleles to increase in frequency, thus leading to increased genetic diversity in older populations. |
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Unite d'Ecologie et d'Evolution, Departement de Biologie, Universite de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. christoph.haag@ed.ac.uk |
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0016-6731 |
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PMID:15937138; PMCID:PMC1449778 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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660 |
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Author |
Hey, M.H.; DiBiase, E.; Roach, D.A.; Carr, D.E.; Haynes, K.J. |
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Title |
Interactions between artificial light at night, soil moisture, and plant density affect the growth of a perennial wildflower |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
in press |
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Keywords |
Plants; Community ecology; Light pollution; Milkweed; Precipitation; Sensory pollution |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been shown to alter aspects of plant growth, but we are not aware of any studies that have examined whether the effects of ALAN on plants depend upon the backdrop of variation in other abiotic factors that plants encounter in field populations. We conducted a field experiment to investigate whether ALAN affects the growth and anti-herbivore defenses of common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, and whether the effects of ALAN are influenced by plant density or soil moisture content. Artificial light at night, soil moisture, and plant density were manipulated according to a split-plot factorial design. Although increasing soil moisture by watering had no significant effects on latex exudation, attributes of plant growth generally responded positively to watering. The basal stem diameter (BSD) and height of plants were affected by ALAN x soil moisture interactions. For both of these variables, the positive effects of ALAN were greater for plants that were not watered than for plants that were. Basal stem diameter was also affected by an ALAN x plant density interaction, and the positive effect of ALAN on BSD was greater in the low-density treatment than in the high-density treatment. Our results demonstrate that the effects of ALAN on plant growth can be altered by soil moisture and plant density. Consequently, the effects of ALAN on plants in nature may not be consistent with existing frameworks that do not account for critical abiotic variables such as water availability or biotic interactions between plants such as competition. |
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Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, VA, 22620, USA |
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0029-8549 |
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PMID:32533357 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3003 |
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Author |
Jawaad Atif, M.; Amin, B.; Imran Ghani, M.; Ali, M.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Cheng, Z. |
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Title |
Allium sativum L. (Garlic) bulb enlargement as influenced by differential combinations of photoperiod and temperature |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Food Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Food Chemistry |
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in press |
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Pages |
127991 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Photoperiod and temperature are vital environmental factors that regulate plant developmental processes. However, the roles of these factors in garlic bulb enlargement are unclear. In this report, responses of garlic bulb morphology and physiology to combinations of photoperiod (light/dark: 10/14 h, 12/12 h, 14/10 h) and temperature (light/dark: 25/18°C, 30/20°C) were investigated. For garlic cultivar G103, bulb characteristics, phytohormones (IAA, ABA, ZT, tZR, JA), allicin and phenolic acids (p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic) were highest under a photoperiod of 14 h at 30°C. Maximum GA was observed under 14 h+30°C for cv. G2011-5. Maximum caffeic, ferulic and vanillic acids were detected for cv. G2011-5 at 14 h+30°C, 12 h+25°C and 14 h+25°C, respectively. Flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin) were not detected in this trial. This is the first report describing the impact of long periods of light duration and higher temperatures on garlic morphology, phytohormones, phenolic acids and allicin content. |
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ISSN |
0308-8146 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3137 |
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Author |
Joo, Y.; Fragoso, V.; Yon, F.; Baldwin, I.T.; Kim, S.-G. |
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Title |
The circadian clock component, LHY, tells a plant when to respond photosynthetically to light in nature |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Integr Plant Biol |
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59 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
572-587 |
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Keywords |
plants |
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Abstract |
The circadian clock is known to increase plant growth and fitness, and thought to prepare plants for photosynthesis at dawn and dusk; whether this happens in nature was unknown. We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata to silence two core clock components, NaLHY (irLHY) and NaTOC1 (irTOC1). We characterized growth and light-and dark-adapted photosynthetic rates (Ac ) throughout a 24 h day in empty vector-transformed (EV), irLHY, and irTOC1 plants in the field, and in NaPhyA-and NaPhyB1-silenced plants in the glasshouse. The growth rates of irLHY plants were lower than those of EV plants in the field. While irLHY plants reduced Ac earlier at dusk, no differences between irLHY and EV plants were observed at dawn in the field. irLHY, but not EV plants, responded to light in the night by rapidly increasing Ac . Under controlled conditions, EV plants rapidly increased Ac in the day compared to dark-adapted plants at night; irLHY plants lost these time-dependent responses. The role of NaLHY in gating photosynthesis is independent of the light-dependent reactions and red light perceived by NaPhyA, but not NaPhyB1. In summary, the circadian clock allows plants not to respond photosynthetically to light at night by anticipating and gating red light-mediated in native tobacco. |
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Address |
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany |
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English |
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ISSN |
1672-9072 |
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Notes |
PMID:28429400 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1657 |
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Author |
Kadman-Zahavi, A., & Ephrat, E. |
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Title |
The efficiency of different light sources in inducing spray carnation flowering |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Scientia Horticulturae |
Abbreviated Journal |
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18 |
Issue |
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159--167 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Light from Gro-lux fluorescent lamps, as a 4-h night break, was found to be more effective than incandescent light in promoting spray carnation flowering under natural daylight conditions. When the illuminations were applied for 4 h in the middle of the night, the effectiveness of a certain amount of radiant energy from incandescent light was found to be the same whether applied as intermittent or as continuous illumination. |
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Call Number |
IDA @ intern @ |
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2371 |
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