| Records |
| Author |
Raven, J.A.; Cockell, C.S. |
| Title |
Influence on photosynthesis of starlight, moonlight, planetlight, and light pollution (reflections on photosynthetically active radiation in the universe) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Astrobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Astrobiology |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
668-675 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
Photosynthesis on Earth can occur in a diversity of organisms in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of 10 nmol of photons m(-2) s(-1) to 8 mmol of photons m(-2) s(-1). Similar considerations would probably apply to photosynthetic organisms on Earth-like planets (ELPs) in the continuously habitable zone of other stars. On Earth, starlight PAR is inadequate for photosynthetically supported growth. An increase in starlight even to reach the minimum theoretical levels to allow for photosynthesis would require a universe that was approximately ten million times older, or with a ten million times greater density of stars, than is the case for the present universe. Photosynthesis on an ELP using PAR reflected from a natural satellite with the same size as our Moon, but at the Roche limit, could support a low rate of photosynthesis at full Moon. Photosynthesis on an ELP-like satellite of a Jupiter-sized planet using light reflected from the planet could be almost 1% of the rate in full sunlight on Earth when the planet was full. These potential contributions to photosynthesis require that the contribution is compared with the rate of photosynthesis driven by direct radiation from the star. Light pollution on Earth only energizes photosynthesis by organisms that are very close to the light source. However, effects of light pollution on photosynthesis can be more widespread if the photosynthetic canopy is retained for more of the year, caused by effects on photoperiodism, with implications for the influence of civilizations on photosynthesis. |
| Address |
Plant Research Unit, University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
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Edition |
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ISSN  |
1557-8070 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16916290 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
Serial |
1198 |
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| Author |
Massetti, L. |
| Title |
Assessing the impact of street lighting on Platanus x acerifolia phenology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
Abbreviated Journal |
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
71-77 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
Autumn phenology is an important part of the tree growing season that is still poorly understood. In addition to the environmental factors that might affect its timing, there are artificial effects introduced by modern society that could interfere with it, such as the increasing use of artificial light to illuminate urban nights. This study investigates the relationship between outdoor public lighting and leaf senescence of Platanus x acerifolia that constitutes with more than 4000 individuals, and 6% of public greening in Florence, Italy. The difference in autumn phenology under two lighting conditions was assessed by analysing data collected in a real context, using a presence-absence protocol of green leaves on 283 trees during leaf fall season from 2014 to 2017. Trees were classified in two groups of different light exposure. In 2016-2017, data were also collected at Cascine park, the main green area within the city and darker than the monitored sites. According to the analysis, the percentage of trees with green leaves under luminaires was significantly higher than trees far from the luminaires, for all sites from mid-December to the end of January, and this effect was enhanced during 2016-2017 which was characterised by a colder winter. In the same year, the period of absence of green leaves at Cascine started at least 20 days earlier than the other sites. These findings should be taken into consideration by scientists because artificial light could affect autumn phenology and therefore the length of the vegetative season, and by urban greening and light managers during the design and management of public green spaces. Moreover, the presence-absence protocol proved to be suitable for collecting observations because it was easy to perform in a real context. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1618-8667 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1932 |
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| Author |
Tewolde, F.T.; Lu, N.; Shiina, K.; Maruo, T.; Takagaki, M.; Kozai, T.; Yamori, W. |
| Title |
Nighttime Supplemental LED Inter-lighting Improves Growth and Yield of Single-Truss Tomatoes by Enhancing Photosynthesis in Both Winter and Summer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Plant Sci |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
448 |
| Keywords |
Plants; LED; fruit quality; lighting period; photosynthesis; plant factory; single-truss tomato; supplemental lighting; yield |
| Abstract |
Greenhouses with sophisticated environmental control systems, or so-called plant factories with solar light, enable growers to achieve high yields of produce with desirable qualities. In a greenhouse crop with high planting density, low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the lower leaves tends to limit plant growth, especially in the winter when the solar altitude and PPFD at the canopy are low and day length is shorter than in summer. Therefore, providing supplemental lighting to the lower canopy can increase year-round productivity. However, supplemental lighting can be expensive. In some places, the cost of electricity is lower at night, but the effect of using supplemental light at night has not yet been examined. In this study, we examined the effects of supplemental LED inter-lighting (LED inter-lighting hereafter) during the daytime or nighttime on photosynthesis, growth, and yield of single-truss tomato plants both in winter and summer. We used LED inter-lighting modules with combined red and blue light to illuminate lower leaves right after the first anthesis. The PPFD of this light was 165 mumol m(-2) s(-1) measured at 10 cm from the LED module. LED inter-lighting was provided from 4:00 am to 4:00 pm for the daytime treatments and from 10:00 pm to 10:00 am for the nighttime treatments. Plants exposed only to solar light were used as controls. Daytime LED inter-lighting increased the photosynthetic capacity of middle and lower canopy leaves, which significantly increased yield by 27% in winter; however, photosynthetic capacity and yield were not significantly increased during summer. Nighttime LED inter-lighting increased photosynthetic capacity in both winter and summer, and yield increased by 24% in winter and 12% in summer. In addition, nighttime LED inter-lighting in winter significantly increased the total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of the tomato fruits, by 20 and 25%, respectively. Use of nighttime LED inter-lighting was also more cost-effective than daytime inter-lighting. Thus, nighttime LED inter-lighting can effectively improve tomato plant growth and yield with lower energy cost compared with daytime both in summer and winter. |
| Address |
Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan |
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| Publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1664-462X |
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| Notes |
PMID:27092163; PMCID:PMC4823311 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1434 |
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| Author |
Joo, Y.; Fragoso, V.; Yon, F.; Baldwin, I.T.; Kim, S.-G. |
| Title |
The circadian clock component, LHY, tells a plant when to respond photosynthetically to light in nature |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Integr Plant Biol |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
572-587 |
| Keywords |
plants |
| Abstract |
The circadian clock is known to increase plant growth and fitness, and thought to prepare plants for photosynthesis at dawn and dusk; whether this happens in nature was unknown. We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata to silence two core clock components, NaLHY (irLHY) and NaTOC1 (irTOC1). We characterized growth and light-and dark-adapted photosynthetic rates (Ac ) throughout a 24 h day in empty vector-transformed (EV), irLHY, and irTOC1 plants in the field, and in NaPhyA-and NaPhyB1-silenced plants in the glasshouse. The growth rates of irLHY plants were lower than those of EV plants in the field. While irLHY plants reduced Ac earlier at dusk, no differences between irLHY and EV plants were observed at dawn in the field. irLHY, but not EV plants, responded to light in the night by rapidly increasing Ac . Under controlled conditions, EV plants rapidly increased Ac in the day compared to dark-adapted plants at night; irLHY plants lost these time-dependent responses. The role of NaLHY in gating photosynthesis is independent of the light-dependent reactions and red light perceived by NaPhyA, but not NaPhyB1. In summary, the circadian clock allows plants not to respond photosynthetically to light at night by anticipating and gating red light-mediated in native tobacco. |
| Address |
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1672-9072 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28429400 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1657 |
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| Author |
Grenis, K.; Murphy, S.M. |
| Title |
Direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Sci |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
770-776 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Plants |
| Abstract |
Light pollution is a global disturbance with resounding impacts on a wide variety of organisms, but our understanding of these impacts is restricted to relatively few higher vertebrate species. We tested the direct effects of light pollution on herbivore performance as well as indirect effects mediated by host plant quality. We found that artificial light from streetlights alters plant toughness. Additionally, we found evidence of both direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect, which indicates that streetlights can have cascading impacts on multiple trophic levels. Our novel findings suggest that light pollution can alter plant-insect interactions and thus may have important community-wide consequences. |
| Address |
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1672-9609 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:29425403 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1865 |
| Permanent link to this record |
