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Author |
Gómez, C.; Mitchell, C.A. |
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Title |
Physiological and Productivity Responses of High-wire Tomato as Affected by Supplemental Light Source and Distribution within the Canopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. |
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Volume |
141 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
196-208 |
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Keywords |
Plants; tomato; LED; LED lighting; Solanum lycopersicum; intracanopy lighting; greenhouses; intracanopy supplemental lighting; daily light integral |
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Abstract |
The relative coolness-to-touch of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has enabled commercial implementation of intracanopy lighting (ICL) in the greenhouse. Intracanopy lighting, which refers to the strategy of lighting along the side or from within the foliar canopy, can increase canopy photosynthetic activity, but physiological and productivity responses of high-wire greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to intracanopy supplemental lighting (SL) still are not yet fully understood. Two consecutive production experiments were conducted across seasons in a glass-glazed greenhouse located in a midnorthern, continental climate [lat. 40°N (West Lafayette, IN)]. Plants were grown from winter-to-summer [increasing solar daily light integral (DLI)] and from summer-to-winter (decreasing solar DLI) to compare three SL strategies for high-wire tomato production across changing solar DLIs: top lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) vs. intracanopy LED vertical towers vs. hybrid SL (HPS + horizontal ICL-LEDs). A control treatment also was included for which no SL was provided. Supplemental DLI for each experimental period was adjusted monthly, to complement seasonal changes in sunlight, aiming to approach a target total DLI of 25 mol·m‒2·d‒1 during fruit set. Harvest parameters (total fruit fresh weight, number of fruit harvested, and average cluster fresh weight), tissue temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance (gS) were unaffected by SL treatment in both experiments. Among the physiological parameters evaluated, CO2 assimilation measured under light-saturating conditions, light-limited quantum-use efficiency, and maximum gross CO2 assimilation (Amax) proved to be good indicators of how ICL reduces the top-to-bottom decline in leaf photosynthetic activity otherwise measured with top lighting only (HPS-SL or solar). Although SL generally increased fruit yield relative to control, lack of SL treatment differences among harvest parameters indicates that higher crop photosynthetic activity did not increase fruit yield. Compared with control, intracanopy SL increased yield to the same extent as top SL, but the remaining photoassimilate from ICL most likely was partitioned to maintain nonharvested, vegetative plant parts as well. |
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Address |
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010 |
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American Society for Horticultural Science |
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Language  |
Engligh |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
0003-1062 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1431 |
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Author |
Chaves, I.; Pokorny, R.; Byrdin, M.; Hoang, N.; Ritz, T.; Brettel, K.; Essen, L.-O.; van der Horst, G.T.J.; Batschauer, A.; Ahmad, M. |
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Title |
The cryptochromes: blue light photoreceptors in plants and animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu Rev Plant Biol |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
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Pages |
335-364 |
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Keywords |
Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism; Animals; Cryptochromes/chemistry/classification/*physiology; DNA Repair; Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase/chemistry/classification/physiology; Homing Behavior; Insects/physiology; *Light Signal Transduction; Magnetics; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphorylation/physiology; Plants/*metabolism; blue light |
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Abstract |
Cryptochromes are flavoprotein photoreceptors first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, where they play key roles in growth and development. Subsequently identified in prokaryotes, archaea, and many eukaryotes, cryptochromes function in the animal circadian clock and are proposed as magnetoreceptors in migratory birds. Cryptochromes are closely structurally related to photolyases, evolutionarily ancient flavoproteins that catalyze light-dependent DNA repair. Here, we review the structural, photochemical, and molecular properties of cry-DASH, plant, and animal cryptochromes in relation to biological signaling mechanisms and uncover common features that may contribute to better understanding the function of cryptochromes in diverse systems including in man. |
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Address |
Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. i.chaves@erasmusmc.nl |
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English |
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ISSN |
1543-5008 |
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Notes |
PMID:21526969 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
341 |
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Author |
Haag, C.R.; Riek, M.; Hottinger, J.W.; Pajunen, V.I.; Ebert, D. |
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Title |
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in Daphnia metapopulations with subpopulations of known age |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
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Volume |
170 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1809-1820 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Aging; Animals; Daphnia/*genetics/*physiology; *Genetic Variation; *Genetics, Population |
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Abstract |
If colonization of empty habitat patches causes genetic bottlenecks, freshly founded, young populations should be genetically less diverse than older ones that may have experienced successive rounds of immigration. This can be studied in metapopulations with subpopulations of known age. We studied allozyme variation in metapopulations of two species of water fleas (Daphnia) in the skerry archipelago of southern Finland. These populations have been monitored since 1982. Screening 49 populations of D. longispina and 77 populations of D. magna, separated by distances of 1.5-2180 m, we found that local genetic diversity increased with population age whereas pairwise differentiation among pools decreased with population age. These patterns persisted even after controlling for several potentially confounding ecological variables, indicating that extinction and recolonization dynamics decrease local genetic diversity and increase genetic differentiation in these metapopulations by causing genetic bottlenecks during colonization. We suggest that the effect of these bottlenecks may be twofold, namely decreasing genetic diversity by random sampling and leading to population-wide inbreeding. Subsequent immigration then may not only introduce new genetic material, but also lead to the production of noninbred hybrids, selection for which may cause immigrant alleles to increase in frequency, thus leading to increased genetic diversity in older populations. |
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Address |
Unite d'Ecologie et d'Evolution, Departement de Biologie, Universite de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. christoph.haag@ed.ac.uk |
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English |
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ISSN |
0016-6731 |
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Notes |
PMID:15937138; PMCID:PMC1449778 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
660 |
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Author |
Ehlert, K.; Piepenbring, M.; Kollar, A. |
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Title |
Ascospore release in apple scab underlies infrared sensation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Fungal Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fungal Biol |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1054-1062 |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
The agent of apple scab disease (Venturia inaequalis) is the most common pathogen in apple cultivation. Its ascospores are released in spring, mainly during daylight hours and triggered by rain events. To investigate the causes of diurnal rhythm of ascospore dissemination of the apple scab fungus ascospore releases were examined continuously with spore traps in the orchard and with laboratory assays. One of the spore traps was illuminated at night with different light sources in each year during 2011-2015. The laboratory assays were performed with different light sources with varying wavelengths and intensities. In field and laboratory conditions only light including infrared radiation stimulated ascospore release, but not with light in the visible spectrum only. Artificial illumination during night was correlated with an increase of up to 46 % of ascospores released overnight in the field. We proved that infrared radiation induces V. inaequalis to release its spores. This is the first report in which spore discharge could be stimulated during night under field conditions. |
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Address |
Julius Kuehn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Strasse 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany |
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English |
Summary Language |
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ISSN |
1878-6146 |
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Notes |
PMID:29122177 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2454 |
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Author |
Macgregor, C.J.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Fox, R.; Evans, D.M. |
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Title |
Pollination by nocturnal Lepidoptera, and the effects of light pollution: a review: Moth pollination and light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Entomol |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
187–198 |
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Keywords |
Ecology; Agro-ecosystems; artificial night lighting; ecological networks; ecosystem services; flowering plants; food-webs; moths; population declines; plants; insects; pollination |
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Abstract |
1. Moths (Lepidoptera) are the major nocturnal pollinators of flowers. However, their importance and contribution to the provision of pollination ecosystem services may have been under-appreciated. Evidence was identified that moths are important pollinators of a diverse range of plant species in diverse ecosystems across the world.
2. Moth populations are known to be undergoing significant declines in several European countries. Among the potential drivers of this decline is increasing light pollution. The known and possible effects of artificial night lighting upon moths were reviewed, and suggest how artificial night lighting might in turn affect the provision of pollination by moths. The need for studies of the effects of artificial night lighting upon whole communities of moths was highlighted.
3. An ecological network approach is one valuable method to consider the effects of artificial night lighting upon the provision of pollination by moths, as it provides useful insights into ecosystem functioning and stability, and may help elucidate the indirect effects of artificial light upon communities of moths and the plants they pollinate.
4. It was concluded that nocturnal pollination is an ecosystem process that may potentially be disrupted by increasing light pollution, although the nature of this disruption remains to be tested. |
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Address |
School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K. |
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Publisher |
Wiley |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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ISSN |
0307-6946 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @; IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1084 |
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