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| Author | Rydin, C; Bolinder, K | ||||
| Title | Moonlight pollination in the gymnosperm Ephedra (Gnetales) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Biology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Biol. Lett. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 20140993 |
| Keywords | Plants; anemophily; entomophily; lunar phases; nocturnal insects; lunar cycle; light at night; Ephedra; Ephedra distachya; pollination | ||||
| Abstract | Most gymnosperms are wind-pollinated, but some are insect-pollinated, and in Ephedra (Gnetales), both wind pollination and insect pollination occur. Little is, however, known about mechanisms and evolution of pollination syndromes in gymnosperms. Based on four seasons of field studies, we show an unexpected correlation between pollination and the phases of the moon in one of our studied species, Ephedra foeminea. It is pollinated by dipterans and lepidopterans, most of them nocturnal, and its pollination coincides with the full moon of July. This may be adaptive in two ways. Many nocturnal insects navigate using the moon. Further, the spectacular reflection of the full-moonlight in the pollination drops is the only apparent means of nocturnal attraction of insects in these plants. In the sympatric but wind-pollinated Ephedra distachya, pollination is not correlated to the full moon but occurs at approximately the same dates every year. The lunar correlation has probably been lost in most species of Ephedra subsequent an evolutionary shift to wind pollination in the clade. When the services of insects are no longer needed for successful pollination, the adaptive value of correlating pollination with the full moon is lost, and conceivably also the trait. | ||||
| Address | Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Royal Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial  |
1143 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Bennie, J.; Davies, T.W.; Cruse, D.; Inger, R.; Gaston, K.J. | ||||
| Title | Cascading effects of artificial light at night: resource-mediated control of herbivores in a grassland ecosystem | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
| Volume | 2015 | Issue | Pages | 20140131 | |
| Keywords | Ecology; light pollution; photopollution; artificial light at night; biotic interactions; community-level; bottom-up effects; grasslands; herbivores; invertebrates; pea aphid; Acyrthosiphon pisum; plants; insects | ||||
| Abstract | Artificial light at night has a wide range of biological effects on both plants and animals. Here, we review mechanisms by which artificial light at night may restructure ecological communities by modifying the interactions between species. Such mechanisms may be top-down (predator, parasite or grazer controlled), bottom-up (resource-controlled) or involve non-trophic processes, such as pollination, seed dispersal or competition. We present results from an experiment investigating both top-down and bottom-up effects of artificial light at night on the population density of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum in a diverse artificial grassland community in the presence and absence of predators and under low-level light of different spectral composition. We found no evidence for top-down control of A. pisum in this system, but did find evidence for bottom-up effects mediated through the impact of light on flower head density in a leguminous food plant. These results suggest that physiological effects of light on a plant species within a diverse plant community can have detectable demographic effects on a specialist herbivore. | ||||
| Address | Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK; k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Royal Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | The biological impacts of artificial light at night: from molecules to communities | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial |
1128 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Macgregor, C.J.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Fox, R.; Evans, D.M. | ||||
| Title | Pollination by nocturnal Lepidoptera, and the effects of light pollution: a review: Moth pollination and light pollution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Ecological Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | Ecol Entomol |
| Volume | 40 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 187–198 |
| Keywords | Ecology; Agro-ecosystems; artificial night lighting; ecological networks; ecosystem services; flowering plants; food-webs; moths; population declines; plants; insects; pollination | ||||
| Abstract | 1. Moths (Lepidoptera) are the major nocturnal pollinators of flowers. However, their importance and contribution to the provision of pollination ecosystem services may have been under-appreciated. Evidence was identified that moths are important pollinators of a diverse range of plant species in diverse ecosystems across the world. 2. Moth populations are known to be undergoing significant declines in several European countries. Among the potential drivers of this decline is increasing light pollution. The known and possible effects of artificial night lighting upon moths were reviewed, and suggest how artificial night lighting might in turn affect the provision of pollination by moths. The need for studies of the effects of artificial night lighting upon whole communities of moths was highlighted. 3. An ecological network approach is one valuable method to consider the effects of artificial night lighting upon the provision of pollination by moths, as it provides useful insights into ecosystem functioning and stability, and may help elucidate the indirect effects of artificial light upon communities of moths and the plants they pollinate. 4. It was concluded that nocturnal pollination is an ecosystem process that may potentially be disrupted by increasing light pollution, although the nature of this disruption remains to be tested. |
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| Address | School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K. | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Wiley | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0307-6946 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @; IDA @ john @ | Serial |
1084 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Woolsey, S.; Capelli, F.; Gonser, T.; Hoehn, E.; Hostmann, M.; Junker, B.; Paetzold, A.; Roulier, C.; Schweizer, S.; Tiegs, S.D.; Tockner, K.; Weber, C.; Peter, A. | ||||
| Title | A strategy to assess river restoration success | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Freshwater Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Freshwater Biol |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 752-769 |
| Keywords | Plants; evaluation guidelines; socio-economics; indicators; floodplain; decision making; bioassessment; sustainability; biodiversity | ||||
| Abstract | 1. Elaborate restoration attempts are underway worldwide to return human-impacted rivers to more natural conditions. Assessing the outcome of river restoration projects is vital for adaptive management, evaluating project efficiency, optimising future programmes and gaining public acceptance. An important reason why assessment is often omitted is lack of appropriate guidelines. 2. Here we present guidelines for assessing river restoration success. They are based on a total of 49 indicators and 13 specific objectives elaborated for the restoration of low- to mid-order rivers in Switzerland. Most of these objectives relate to ecological attributes of rivers, but socio-economic aspects are also considered. 3. A strategy is proposed according to which a set of indicators is selected from the total of 49 indicators to ensure that indicators match restoration objectives and measures, and that the required effort for survey and analysis of indicators is appropriate to the project budget. 4. Indicator values are determined according to methods described in detailed method sheets. Restoration success is evaluated by comparing indicator values before and after restoration measures have been undertaken. To this end, values are first standardised on a dimensionless scale ranging from 0 to 1, then averaged across different indicators for a given project objective, and finally assigned to one of five overall success categories. 5. To illustrate the application of this scheme, a case study on the Thur River, Switzerland, is presented. Seven indicators were selected to meet a total of five project objectives. The project was successful in achieving ‘provision of high recreational value’, ‘lateral connectivity’ and ‘vertical connectivity’ but failed to meet the objectives ‘morphological and hydraulic variability’ and ‘near natural abundance and diversity of fauna’. Results from this assessment allowed us to identify potential deficits and gaps in the restoration project. To gain information on the sensitivity of the assessment scheme would require a set of complementary indicators for each restoration objective. |
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| ISSN | 0046-5070 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial |
662 | ||
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| Author | Kirschey, T.; Meisel, J. | ||||
| Title | Augen in der Landschaft Seen und Stillgewässer Nordostdeutschlands. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Naturmagazin | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 4-11 | ||
| Keywords | Plants | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial |
661 | ||
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