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Author |
Davies, T.W.; Smyth, T. |
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Title |
Why artificial light at night should be a focus for global change research in the 21st century |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob Chang Biol |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
872-882 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; Animals; Plants |
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Abstract |
The environmental impacts of artificial light at night have been a rapidly growing field of global change science in recent years. Yet, light pollution has not achieved parity with other global change phenomena in the level of concern and interest it receives from the scientific community, government and nongovernmental organizations. This is despite the globally widespread, expanding and changing nature of night-time lighting and the immediacy, severity and phylogenetic breath of its impacts. In this opinion piece, we evidence 10 reasons why artificial light at night should be a focus for global change research in the 21st century. Our reasons extend beyond those concerned principally with the environment, to also include impacts on human health, culture and biodiversity conservation more generally. We conclude that the growing use of night-time lighting will continue to raise numerous ecological, human health and cultural issues, but that opportunities exist to mitigate its impacts by combining novel technologies with sound scientific evidence. The potential gains from appropriate management extend far beyond those for the environment, indeed it may play a key role in transitioning towards a more sustainable society. |
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Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon, UK |
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1354-1013 |
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PMID:29124824 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2054 |
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Author |
Maggi, E.; Benedetti-Cecchi, L. |
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Title |
Trophic compensation stabilizes marine primary producers exposed to artificial light at night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
606 |
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Pages |
1-5 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Animals; Ecology |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a widespread phenomenon along coastal areas. Despite increasing evidence of pervasive effects of ALAN on patterns of species distribution and abundance, the potential of this emerging threat to alter ecological processes in marine ecosystems has remained largely unexplored. Here, we show how exposure to white LED lighting, comparable to that experienced along local urbanized coasts, significantly enhanced the impact of grazing gastropods on epilithic microphytobenthos (MPB). ALAN increased both the photosynthetic biomass of MPB and the grazing pressure of gastropods, such that consumers compensated for the positive effect of night lighting on primary producers. Our results indicate that trophic interactions can provide a stabilizing compensatory mechanism against ALAN effects in natural food webs. |
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0171-8630 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2063 |
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Author |
Bennie, J.; Davies, T.W.; Cruse, D.; Inger, R.; Gaston, K.J.; Lewis, O. |
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Title |
Artificial light at night causes top-down and bottom-up trophic effects on invertebrate populations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2698-2706 |
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Keywords |
Ecology; Animals; Plants |
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Abstract |
Globally, many ecosystems are exposed to artificial light at night. Nighttime lighting has direct biological impacts on species at all trophic levels. However, the effects of artificial light on biotic interactions remain, for the most part, to be determined.
We exposed experimental mesocosms containing combinations of grassland plants and invertebrate herbivores and predators to illumination at night over a 3‐year period to simulate conditions under different common forms of street lighting.
We demonstrate both top‐down (predation‐controlled) and bottom‐up (resource‐controlled) impacts of artificial light at night in grassland communities. The impacts on invertebrate herbivore abundance were wavelength‐dependent and mediated via other trophic levels.
White LED lighting decreased the abundance of a generalist herbivore mollusc by 55% in the presence of a visual predator, but not in its absence, while monochromatic amber light (with a peak wavelength similar to low‐pressure sodium lighting) decreased abundance of a specialist herbivore aphid (by 17%) by reducing the cover and flower abundance of its main food plant in the system. Artificial white light also significantly increased the food plant's foliar carbon to nitrogen ratio.
We conclude that exposure to artificial light at night can trigger ecological effects spanning trophic levels, and that the nature of such impacts depends on the wavelengths emitted by the lighting technology employed.
Policy implications. Our results confirm that artificial light at night, at illuminance levels similar to roadside vegetation, can have population effects mediated by both top‐down and bottom‐up effects on ecosystems. Given the increasing ubiquity of light pollution at night, these impacts may be widespread in the environment. These results underline the importance of minimizing ecosystem disruption by reducing light pollution in natural and seminatural ecosystems. |
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0021-8901 |
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no |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
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2086 |
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Author |
Pattison, P.M.; Tsao, J.Y.; Brainard, G.C.; Bugbee, B. |
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Title |
LEDs for photons, physiology and food |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
563 |
Issue |
7732 |
Pages |
493-500 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Human Health; Plants; Review |
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Lighting based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) not only is more energy efficient than traditional lighting, but also enables improved performance and control. The colour, intensity and distribution of light can now be controlled with unprecedented precision, enabling light to be used both as a signal for specific physiological responses in humans and plants, and as an efficient fuel for fresh food production. Here we show how a broad and improved understanding of the physiological responses to light will facilitate greater energy savings and provide health and productivity benefits that have not previously been associated with lighting. |
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Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:30464269 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2110 |
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Author |
Shor, E.; Potavskaya, R.; Kurtz, A.; Paik, I.; Huq, E.; Green, R. |
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Title |
PIF-mediated sucrose regulation of the circadian oscillator is light quality and temperature dependent |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Genes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genes (Basel) |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
Plants |
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Abstract |
Studies are increasingly showing that metabolic and circadian (~24 h) pathways are strongly interconnected, with the circadian system regulating the metabolic state of the cell, and metabolic products feeding back to entrain the oscillator. In plants, probably the most significant impact of the circadian system on metabolism is in its reciprocal regulation of photosynthesis; however, the pathways by which this occurs are still poorly understood. We have previously shown that members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family are involved in the photosynthate entrainment of the circadian oscillator. In this paper, using Arabidopsis mutants and overexpression lines, we examine how temperature and light quality affect PIF-mediated sucrose signaling to the oscillator and examine the contributions of individual PIF members. Our results also show that the quality of light is important for PIF signaling, with red and blue lights having the opposite effects, and that temperature affects PIF-mediated sucrose signaling. We propose the light sensitivity of PIF-mediated sucrose entrainment of the oscillator may be important in enabling plants to distinguish between sucrose produced de novo from photosynthesis during the day and the sucrose products of starch degradation at the end of the night. |
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. rgreen@mail.huji.ac.il |
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English |
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2073-4425 |
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PMID:30551669; PMCID:PMC6316277 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2155 |
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