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Haans, A.; van Osch, T.H.J.; de Kort, Y.A.W. |
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Dynamic Road Lighting and Perceived Personal Safety of Pedestrians. |
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2011 |
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In Street lighting, stress & safety. 9th Biennial Conference on Environmental Psychology. Eindhoven |
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1 |
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Safety |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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1045 |
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Clark, B.A.J. |
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Title |
Outdoor Lighting and Crime, Part 2: Coupled Growth. |
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2003 |
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Security; Society; Safety; crime; public safety |
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Experimental evidence about the relationship between outdoor lighting and crime was examined in Part 1 of this work. Although the presence of light tends to allay the fear of crime at night, the balance of evidence from relatively short-term field studies is that increased lighting is ineffective for preventing or deterring actual crime. In this second part, available evidence indicates that darkness inhibits crime, and that crime is more encouraged than deterred by outdoor lighting. A new hypothesis is developed accordingly. Additional quantitative evidence supports the hypothesis. Excessive outdoor lighting appears to facilitate some of the social factors that lead to crime. The proliferation of artificial outdoor lighting has been fostered with little regard for the environmental consequences of wasteful practice. Widely observed exponential increases in artificial skyglow indicate that the growth of outdoor lighting is unsustainable. The natural spectacle of the night sky has already been obliterated for much of the population of the developed world. Copious artificial light has transformed civilisation, but increasing knowledge of its adverse environmental, biological and cultural effects now justifies large overall reductions in outdoor ambient light at night as well as in its waste component. ‘Good’ lighting has to be redefined. Moderation of outdoor ambient light levels may reduce crime in due course, as well as limiting the adverse environmental effects. Lighting controls might provide a means of limiting urbanisation and urban sprawl. National crime prevention policies, laws, lighting standards, architectural use of light and urban planning practice appear in need of fundamental changes. |
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Astronomical Society of Victoria, Inc., Australia |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @; IDA @ john @ |
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1017 |
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Gibbons, R.; Terry, T.; Bhagavathula, R.; Meyer, J.; Lewis, A. |
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Title |
Applicability of mesopic factors to the driving task |
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2015 |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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48 |
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1 |
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70-82 |
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Lighting; Public Safety; Planning |
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With the advent of light-emitting diode technology being applied to roadway lighting, the spectral power distribution of the light source is becoming much more important. In this experiment, the detection of pedestrians at five adaptation levels under three light sources, high pressure sodium and light emitting diodes of two colour temperatures was measured in realistic roadway scenarios. The results show that while the light source type was not significant, an increase in adaptation luminance increased the detection distance. As the offset of the object to the roadway increased, some spectral effects became more significant; however, this effect was not consistent across all angles of eccentricity. The conclusions from this work indicate that mesopic factors may not be applicable on high-speed roads. |
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1477-1535 |
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1382 |
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Smith, L.A.; Larsen, C.A.; Johnson, K.L. |
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Title |
Are “quiet-at-night” initiatives impacting staff alertness? |
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2017 |
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Nursing |
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Nursing |
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47 |
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1 |
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61-62 |
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Public Safety; Human Health |
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PATIENT SATISFACTION scores have been in the national spotlight since 2007 when Medicare began to link hospital reimbursement with Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores. Patients are asked to respond to this question: “During this hospital stay, how often was the area around your room quiet at night?†(Answer choices: Never, sometimes, usually, and always).1 Many hospitals, including ours, have worked diligently to improve patient satisfaction with quiet-at-night initiatives.
This article describes our quiet-at-night initiatives and concerns that these initiatives were impairing our night-shift staff's alertness. We addressed these concerns by conducting a survey; its results led us to change our initiatives to improve staff wakefulness while maintaining patient satisfaction. |
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Lisa A. Smith is an administrative nursing supervisor at Banner University Medical Center-Phoenix in Phoenix, Ariz. Charles A. Larsen is a director of nursing at Banner Baywood Medical Center and Banner Heart Hospital in Mesa, Ariz. Karen L. Johnson is director of nursing research at Banner Health in Phoenix, Ariz |
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0360-4039 |
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PMID:28027137 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1617 |
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Bullough, J.D.; Skinner, N.P. |
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Title |
Real-World Demonstrations of Novel Pedestrian Crosswalk Lighting |
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2017 |
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Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
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Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
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2661 |
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62-68 |
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Lighting; Public Safety; Planning |
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Outdoor urban pedestrian lighting serves multiple purposes and should do so in the most efficient and economic manner. An important purpose of outdoor urban pedestrian lighting is to support the safety of pedestrians, particularly those who interact with adjacent vehicle traffic, while enhancing pedestrians’ perceptions of personal safety and security. A review of published literature, as well as the demonstration activities summarized, indicates the potential for bollard-level crosswalk lighting to enhance pedestrian visibility and to improve safety at crosswalks, particularly at locations where the presence of a crosswalk might not be expected by approaching drivers. Such locations include midblock crossings, roundabouts, and locations near schools and other public venues that might experience high levels of pedestrian traffic at sporadic or unexpected times. |
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0361-1981 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1723 |
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