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Author |
Hyari, K.H.; Khelifi, A.; Katkhuda, H. |
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Title |
Multiobjective Optimization of Roadway Lighting Projects |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Transportation Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Transp. Eng. |
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04016024 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; multiobjective optimization; traffic safety; road safety; lighting design; uniformity; genetic algorithm |
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Abstract |
Roadway lighting systems play a major role in maintaining nighttime traffic safety as they reduce both the number and severity of nighttime traffic accidents. While the design of roadway lighting systems involves multiple objectives, past studies have focused on optimizing only one of the multiple objectives that should be considered. This paper presents a multiobjective optimization model for roadway lighting projects that simultaneously optimizes four design objectives. The incorporated objectives are (1) maximizing the average lighting level on the road surface; (2) maximizing the lighting uniformity along the roadway; (3) minimizing the glare to road users produced by the lighting system; and (4) minimizing the cost of operating the lighting system. The model is designed and developed as a multiobjective genetic algorithm to help decision-makers in their endeavor to provide efficient roadway lighting systems that strike a balance between the four conflicting objectives. The present model considers the following six design variables: type of lighting fixture, mounting height, spacing, fixture offset, fixture’s inclination, and fixture’s rotation angle. An application example is analyzed in this paper to clarify the use of the model and display its significant features in producing better lighting arrangements for roadways. |
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Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hashemite Univ., P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; hyari(at)hu.edu.jo |
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ASCE |
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English |
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English |
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0733-947X |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1405 |
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Author |
Shang, H. |
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Title |
Study on the Influence of Port Coastal Light Pollution on Visual Navigation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Coastal Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Coastal Research |
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115 |
Issue |
sp1 |
Pages |
250 |
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Keywords |
Safety; Vision |
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Abstract |
Navigation aids are navigation aids for the safety of ships. They are divided into three categories: visual navigation aids, audio navigation aids and radio navigation aids. It provides reliable navigation safety guarantee for water transportation, fishery, marine development and national defense construction, and provides reliable navigation safety guarantee for the establishment of safe economic passage at sea and inside sea, which is an important part of the maritime Silk Road. Visual navigation aids are the most basic navigation aids, sound navigation aids only play a warning role, radio navigation aids have developed into a modern all-weather navigation aids system, especially the popularization of satellite navigation technology, put forward higher requirements for visual navigation aids. |
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0749-0208 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3119 |
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Flannagan, M.J.; Sivak, M.; Traube, E.C.; Kojima, S. |
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Title |
Effects of Overall Low-Beam Intensity on Seeing Distance in the Presence of Glare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Transportation Human Factors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transportation Human Factors |
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2 |
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4 |
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313-330 |
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Public Safety; Vision |
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Previous studies have demonstrated that current low-beam headlamps do not provide adequate seeing distance for safety. Could this situation be improved by providing more total light from low-beam headlamps, leaving the relative distribution of light unchanged? Although such a proposal is probably not the best practical solution, it is important to consider some of the visual consequences of a general increase in light to analyze the overall problem of low-beam headlighting.
In a nighttime field study we measured seeing distance in the presence of glare as a function of headlamp intensity, always varying the intensity of the seeing light and glare light by the same proportion. Increasing intensity by a factor of about 3.8 increased seeing distance by about 17% for both young and old drivers. This result is consistent with predictions from quantitative vision modeling using veiling luminance to represent the disabling effects of glare. We also collected subjective estimates of discomfort glare and found, as expected, that the higher intensities produced substantially more discomfort.
Our findings suggest that, if objective visual performance is the only criterion, there is no clear upper limit to how intense low-beam headlamps should be. However, there may be a level at which people simply will not tolerate the subjectively discomforting effects of glare, or at which glare indirectly affects objective performance through its effects on subjective comfort. Because subjective discomfort, rather than objective visual performance, may be the limiting consideration for setting maximum glare levels, more research should be done to understand the nature and consequences of discomfort glare, including possible effects of subjective comfort on objective visual behavior. |
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1093-9741 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2127 |
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Author |
Lin, Y.; Liu, Y.; Sun, Y.; Zhu, X.; Lai, J.; Heynderickx, I. |
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Title |
Model predicting discomfort glare caused by LED road lights |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Optics Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
18056 |
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Keywords |
LED; LED lighting; glare; road safety; traffic |
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To model discomfort glare from LED road lighting, the effect of four key variables on perceived glare was explored. These variables were: the average glare source luminance (Lg), the background luminance (Lb), the solid angle of the glare source from the perspective of the viewer; and the angle between the glare source and the line of sight. Based on these four variables 72 different light conditions were simulated in a scaled experimental set-up. Participants were requested to judge the perceived discomfort glare of these light conditions using the deBoer rating scale. All four variables and some of their interactions had indeed a significant effect on the deBoer rating. Based on these findings, we developed a model, and tested its general applicability in various verification experiments, including laboratory conditions as well as real road conditions. This verification proved the validity of the model with a correlation between measured and predicted values as high as 0.87 and a residual deviation of about 1 unit on the deBoer rating scale. These results filled the gap in estimating discomfort glare of LED road lighting and clarified similarities of and differences in discomfort glare between LED and traditional light sources. |
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1094-4087 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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351 |
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Author |
Marchant, Paul |
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Title |
Bad Science: comments on the paper ‘Quantifying the impact of road lighting on road safety — a New zealand Study’ by Jackett & Frith (2013). |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
World Transport Policy and Practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
World Transp Policy & Practice |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
10-20 |
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Keywords |
Safety; Security; Commentary; Statistics; Collisions |
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The paper of Jackett & Frith (2013), which purports to show considerable gains for road safety with increasing road luminance, is seriously flawed. It asserts that increasing the luminance on roads causes improvements in road safety. Its cross-sectional design fails to rule out major potential confounders. using a longitudinal design would be a far superior approach. The paper exhibits poor statistical practice. The selection process for the relatively small sample of urban roads is unclear and the post hoc processing of the data is questionable. The analysis is seriously deficient, as variables which indicate detrimental effects of increased road lighting are removed from the modelling without proper justification and other variables are not included in the first analysis yet appear in the subsequent cosmetic analyses. The latter give an illusion of false certainty. The data collected, which would allow checking, is not published. The practice of the journal in which the paper appeared is seriously deficient in not allowing the publication of critical responses. although being used to promote increased road lighting, the paper’s claim disagrees with results from better quality research |
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221 Leighton Hall, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom LS1 3HE; p.marchant(at)leedsbeckett.ac.uk |
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World Transport Policy and Practice |
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1352-7614 |
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A corrected appendix to this paper is available on page 50 of: http://worldtransportjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/26.3-final.pdf. |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2862 |
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