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Author |
Bullough, J.D.; Donnell, E.T.; Rea, M.S. |
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Title |
To illuminate or not to illuminate: roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2013 |
Publication |
Accident; Analysis and Prevention |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accid Anal Prev |
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Volume |
53 |
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Pages |
65-77 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Accident Prevention/*methods; Accidents, Traffic/*prevention & control/psychology/statistics & numerical data; Cross-Sectional Studies; *Environment Design; Humans; *Lighting; Minnesota; Models, Statistical; Photoperiod; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis; Safety/statistics & numerical data; Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
A two-pronged effort to quantify the impact of lighting on traffic safety is presented. In the statistical approach, the effects of lighting on crash frequency for different intersection types in Minnesota were assessed using count regression models. The models included many geometric and traffic control variables to estimate the association between lighting and nighttime and daytime crashes and the resulting night-to-day crash ratios. Overall, the presence of roadway intersection lighting was found to be associated with an approximately 12% lower night-to-day crash ratio than unlighted intersections. In the parallel analytical approach, visual performance analyses based on roadway intersection lighting practices in Minnesota were made for the same intersection types investigated in the statistical approach. The results of both approaches were convergent, suggesting that visual performance improvements from roadway lighting could serve as input for predicting improvements in crash frequency. A provisional transfer function allows transportation engineers to evaluate alternative lighting systems in the design phase so selections based on expected benefits and costs can be made. |
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Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA |
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0001-4575 |
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PMID:23377085 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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627 |
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Author |
Jackett, M.; Frith, W. |
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Title |
Quantifying the impact of road lighting on road safety -- A New Zealand Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IATSS Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
IATSS Research |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
139-145 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; roadway lighting; road safety; traffic safety; public safety |
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Abstract |
It is well known from the literature that road lighting has significant safety benefits. The NZTA Economic Evaluation Manual (EEM) quotes a 35% reduction in crashes as the effect of upgrading or improving lighting where lighting is poor.
However, no well-established dose–response relationship to lighting parameters exists from which one can deduce benchmark levels of lighting for safety.
This study looked at a sample of street lighting installations spread over the urban areas of nine territorial local authorities. Standard street lighting parameters were measured in the field using a variety of instruments including illuminance meter, luminance meter and digital camera. Field measurements were related to the ratio of night-time to day time crashes as a measure of night time safety vis-a-vis daytime safety.
A statistically significant dose–response relationship was found between average road luminance and safety across all traffic volume groups, with an indication that the relationship may be stronger where more serious crashes are involved.
Threshold increment was also a significant variable but not so longitudinal uniformity or overall uniformity.
The results related to luminance will allow practitioners to better estimate the safety benefits of different levels of lighting resulting in better targeting of expenditure. |
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Jackett Consulting, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; jackett(at)paradise.net.nz |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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0386-1112 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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638 |
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Lyytimäki, J.; Tapio, P.; Assmuth, T. |
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Title |
Unawareness in environmental protection: The case of light pollution from traffic |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Land Use Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Land Use Policy |
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29 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
598-604 |
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Keywords |
Public Safety; public policy; traffic safety |
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Abstract |
New information is often emphasized as a basis of effective and scientifically sound environmental policy and management. However, outdated or incorrect information is not automatically nor instantly replaced by new insights. This article focuses on the various ways environmental information can be unintentionally left with insufficient attention or purposefully neglected. Energy-related emissions caused by road traffic in Finland are used as an illustrative example and light pollution caused by artificial lighting is identified as an emerging issue that has gained especially low recognition in the environmental agenda. Four different reasons for this lack of recognition are discussed: recognized unawareness, false awareness, deliberate unawareness and concealed awareness. Paying attention to light pollution is important because of various ecological, socio-cultural and economic effects but also because implementing measures aimed for reducing light pollution create possibilities for alleviating other social and environmental problems in transport and land use policies. |
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0264-8377 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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23 |
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Author |
Gupta, N.; Lata, H.; Kaur, A. |
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Title |
Effect of glare on night time driving in alcoholic versus non-alcoholic professional drivers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Appl Basic Med Res |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
128-131 |
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Keywords |
Vision; Public Safety; Glare; Alcohol; driving; glare recovery |
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CONTEXT: The use of alcohol during nighttime driving may affect recovery from glare leading to increased traffic accidents. OBJECTIVE: To compare the glare recovery time in alcoholic versus non-alcoholic drivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alcoholic (n = 25) and non-alcoholic drivers (n = 25) were subjected to glare recovery test and they also filled a questionnaire about the nighttime driving. RESULTS: The glare recovery time got prolonged in alcoholic drivers and they also complained of more problems during nighttime driving as compared to non-alcoholic drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The use of alcohol delays recovery from glare during nighttime driving. This can have considerable implications for developing countries in improving regulations for driving licensing. |
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Department of Physiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India |
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Kluwer |
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English |
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English |
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2229-516X |
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PMID:23776826; PMCID:PMC3678693 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2834 |
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Author |
Bassani, M.; Mutani, G. |
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Title |
Effects of Environmental Lighting Conditions on Operating Speeds on Urban Arterials |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transportation Research Record |
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Volume |
2298 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
78-87 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Public Safety |
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Abstract |
Driver behavior is influenced by environmental lighting conditions on roads; in the literature, many studies report a reduced night–day accident ratio following improvements to lighting on different types of roads, with the results classified by severity and type of accident. Few studies, however, report the influence of lighting conditions on driver speed. This study investigates the principal factors that influence driver speed on arterial roads in Turin, Italy. The aim of this study was to analyze driver speed under different daylight and nighttime lighting conditions. Six arterial roads were selected for observation and the measurement of speeds and illuminance on the pavement surface. The results showed that illuminance, in addition to factors such as lane position, lane width, and the relevant speed limit, should be considered a variable that can influence driver speed. The study used a regression equation to predict operating speeds (V85) on urban arterials; the corresponding sensitivity analysis has made it possible to quantify the effects of the aforementioned variables on operating speed under different environmental lighting conditions. |
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0361-1981 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2872 |
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