| Records |
| Author |
Fotios, S.; Gibbons, R. |
| Title |
Road lighting research for drivers and pedestrians: The basis of luminance and illuminance recommendations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
154-186 |
Keywords  |
Security; Public Safety; Lighting; Review |
| Abstract |
This article discusses quantitative recommendations for road lighting as given in guidelines and standards, primarily, the amount of light. The discussion is framed according to the type of road user, the driver and the pedestrian, these being the user groups associated with major and minor roads, respectively. Presented first is a brief history of road lighting standards, from early to current versions, and, where known, the basis of these standards. Recommendations for the amount of light do not appear to be well-founded in robust empirical evidence, or at least do not tend to reveal the nature of any evidence. This suggests a need to reconsider recommended light levels, a need reinforced by recent developments in the science and technology of lighting and of lighting research. To enable improved recommendations, there is a need for further evidence of the effects of changes in lighting: This article therefore discusses the findings of investigations, which might be considered when developing new standards. |
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| ISSN |
1477-1535 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1790 |
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| Author |
Clark, B.A.J. |
| Title |
Outdoor Lighting and Crime, Part 2: Coupled Growth. |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Security; Society; Safety; crime; public safety |
| Abstract |
Experimental evidence about the relationship between outdoor lighting and crime was examined in Part 1 of this work. Although the presence of light tends to allay the fear of crime at night, the balance of evidence from relatively short-term field studies is that increased lighting is ineffective for preventing or deterring actual crime. In this second part, available evidence indicates that darkness inhibits crime, and that crime is more encouraged than deterred by outdoor lighting. A new hypothesis is developed accordingly. Additional quantitative evidence supports the hypothesis. Excessive outdoor lighting appears to facilitate some of the social factors that lead to crime. The proliferation of artificial outdoor lighting has been fostered with little regard for the environmental consequences of wasteful practice. Widely observed exponential increases in artificial skyglow indicate that the growth of outdoor lighting is unsustainable. The natural spectacle of the night sky has already been obliterated for much of the population of the developed world. Copious artificial light has transformed civilisation, but increasing knowledge of its adverse environmental, biological and cultural effects now justifies large overall reductions in outdoor ambient light at night as well as in its waste component. ‘Good’ lighting has to be redefined. Moderation of outdoor ambient light levels may reduce crime in due course, as well as limiting the adverse environmental effects. Lighting controls might provide a means of limiting urbanisation and urban sprawl. National crime prevention policies, laws, lighting standards, architectural use of light and urban planning practice appear in need of fundamental changes. |
| Address |
Astronomical Society of Victoria, Inc., Australia |
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Self-published |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @; IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1017 |
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| Author |
Fotios, S.; Monteiro, A.L.; Uttley, J. |
| Title |
Evaluation of pedestrian reassurance gained by higher illuminances in residential streets using the day–dark approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Vision; Psychology; Security |
| Abstract |
A field study was conducted to investigate how changes in the illuminance affect pedestrian reassurance when walking after dark in an urban location. The field study was conducted in daytime and after dark in order to employ the day–dark approach to analysis of optimal lighting. The results suggest that minimum illuminance is a better predictor of reassurance than is mean illuminance. For a day–dark difference of 0.5 units on a 6-point response scale, the results suggest a minimum horizontal illuminance of approximately 2.0 lux. |
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| ISSN |
1477-1535 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2159 |
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