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| Author | Steinbach, R.; Perkins, C.; Tompson, L.; Johnson, S.; Armstrong, B.; Green, J.; Grundy, C.; Wilkinson, P.; Edwards, P. | ||||
| Title | The effect of reduced street lighting on road casualties and crime in England and Wales: controlled interrupted time series analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Epidemiology Community Health | Abbreviated Journal | J. Epidemiol. Community Health |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 11 | Pages | |
| Keywords | Safety; public safety; England; Wales; United Kindgom; traffic safety; street lighting; outdoor lighting; crime; security; light adaptation strategies | ||||
| Abstract | Background: Many local authorities in England and Wales have reduced street lighting at night to save money and reduce carbon emissions. There is no evidence to date on whether these reductions impact on public health. We quantified the effect of 4 street lighting adaptation strategies (switch off, part-night lighting, dimming and white light) on casualties and crime in England and Wales. Methods: Observational study based on analysis of geographically coded police data on road traffic collisions and crime in 62 local authorities. Conditional Poisson models were used to analyse longitudinal changes in the counts of night-time collisions occurring on affected roads during 2000–2013, and crime within census Middle Super Output Areas during 2010–2013. Effect estimates were adjusted for regional temporal trends in casualties and crime. Results: There was no evidence that any street lighting adaptation strategy was associated with a change in collisions at night. There was significant statistical heterogeneity in the effects on crime estimated at police force level. Overall, there was no evidence for an association between the aggregate count of crime and switch off (RR 0.11; 95% CI 0.01 to 2.75) or part-night lighting (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.06). There was weak evidence for a reduction in the aggregate count of crime and dimming (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.02) and white light (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.77 to 1.03). Conclusions: This study found little evidence of harmful effects of switch off, part-night lighting, dimming, or changes to white light/LEDs on road collisions or crime in England and Wales. |
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| Address | Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Phil.Edwards(at)lshtm.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | BMJ | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language  |
English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1470-2738 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1224 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Rea, M.S.; Bullough, J.D.; Brons, M.S., J.A. | ||||
| Title | Parking lot lighting based upon predictions of scene brightness and personal safety | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Lighting Research and Technology | Abbreviated Journal | Lighting Res. & Tech. |
| Volume | 49 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 293-304 |
| Keywords | Lightingl Security; parking lots; public perceptions; lighting levels | ||||
| Abstract | Providing subjective impressions of security is central to outdoor lighting design. Current parking lot lighting recommendations are based upon photopic illuminances, regardless of spectrum. Scene brightness perception is directly related to impressions of security, and depends upon both light level and spectrum. A provisional model was used to predict scene brightness for three parking lots, each illuminated to different levels by different light sources. Observers judged scene brightness, security and other factors for each lot. The provisional model accurately predicted both scene brightness and security judgements. The lighting associated with the best subjective ratings also had the lowest power density. A design method using ‘brightness illuminance’ is presented, which can lower system costs while maintaining a sense of security by users. | ||||
| Address | Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Email: ream(at)rpi.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | SAGE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language |
English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1477-0938 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1256 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Nasar, J.L.; Bokharaei, S. | ||||
| Title | Impressions of Lighting in Public Squares After Dark | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Environment & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Env. & Behav. |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 227-254 |
| Keywords | Psychology; public lighting; public safety; security; crime; perception; outdoor lighting | ||||
| Abstract | Lighting may affect impressions of public squares. Following studies on office interior lighting, the present research manipulated three modes of lighting—non-uniform–uniform, peripheral–overhead, and dim–bright—in three virtual squares. One study had 32 participants (15 men, 17 women) judge the spaciousness and privacy of each of the 24 public squares. A second study had a different group of 30 participants (16 men, 14 women) rate the appeal, safety from crime, and excitement of each square. Study 1 found that judged spaciousness increased with uniform and bright lighting, and that privacy increased with non-uniform, dim, and peripheral lighting. Study 2 found that rated appeal increased with uniform and bright lighting, as did safety from crime and excitement. Across the two studies, the uniform and bright lighting conditions contributed most to the kinds of favorable experiences people might expect to have in public spaces after dark. | ||||
| Address | City & Regional Planning, Ohio State University, 200 Knowlton Hall 275 W Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Email: nasar.1(at)osu.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | SAGE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language |
English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0013-9165 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1390 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Park, H.-K.; Gu, J.-H.; Lee, K.-M. | ||||
| Title | A study on selecting of Light Cutoff Panel depending on the installation condition using the lighting simulation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 246-251 |
| Keywords | Lighting; Light cutoff panel; Light pollution; Light trespass; Relux; Security light | ||||
| Abstract | The use of security lighting that emits spill light is considered a cause of light trespass problems in the residential areas. Therefore, a cutoff panel was installed as an alternative way to reduce light trespass. On the other hand, it has another problem in that it is less effective and is not good enough for aesthetics and safety. In this study, a light cutoff panel was designed and manufactured to reduce the light trespass, and the structure of a proper light cutoff panel was studied. Using a goniophotometer, the light distribution file (IES file) was extracted and the characteristics of light distribution were analyzed using the RELUX program. The results showed that the reduction of spilt light in the backward direction was decreased significantly for all types of light cutoff panels except the coated globe. In the case of a black powder coated light cutoff panel, the forward light caused by light reflected from the surface of the light cutoff panel was also reduced, which means that the black powder coated light cutoff panel is effective in the performance of light cutoff in the forward and backward directions. In addition, the coated glove increased the spilt light in the forward and backward directions because it reflects the upward light to go down. A 90 % accuracy between the measurement value of light trespass and the expected value of the light trespass was obtained from a simulation. | ||||
| Address | National Institute of Environmental Research; mossad61(at)korea.kr | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | KoreaScience | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Korean | Summary Language |
English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1975-4701 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1448 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Marchant, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Why Lighting Claims Might Well Be Wrong | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | International Journal of Sustainable Lighting | Abbreviated Journal | Intl J of Sustainable Lighting |
| Volume | 19 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 69-74 |
| Keywords | Security; Crime; lighting; regulation | ||||
| Abstract | This paper gives some background to claims of benefit from road lighting and why large beneficial claims may be suspect. It places this in the context of general concerns about the unreliability of claims in science using knowledge gained, particularly from investigations in the field of health-care. It points to the need to plan, proceed and check science in unbiased and rigorous ways. It gives recommendations for more transparency, asks for clear protocols to be produced in advance, that clear reports are written which follow appropriate reporting guidelines and that the data is accessible. | ||||
| Address | Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom LS1 3HE; P.Marchant(at)leedsbeckett.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | IJSL | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language |
English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1678 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||