| Records |
| Author |
Rakshit, K.; Thomas, A.P.; Matveyenko, A.V. |
| Title |
Does disruption of circadian rhythms contribute to beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Current Diabetes Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Diab Rep |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
474 |
Keywords  |
*epidemiology; diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; beta cell; T2DM; artificial light; light exposure; circadian disruption |
| Abstract |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the loss of beta-cell secretory function and mass. The pathophysiology of beta-cell failure in T2DM involves a complex interaction between genetic susceptibilities and environmental risk factors. One environmental condition that is gaining greater appreciation as a risk factor for T2DM is the disruption of circadian rhythms (eg, shift-work and sleep loss). In recent years, circadian disruption has become increasingly prevalent in modern societies and consistently shown to augment T2DM susceptibility (partly mediated through its effects on pancreatic beta-cells). Since beta-cell failure is essential for development of T2DM, we will review current work from epidemiologic, clinical, and animal studies designed to gain insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the predisposition to beta-cell failure associated with circadian disruption. Elucidating the role of circadian clocks in regulating beta-cell health will add to our understanding of T2DM pathophysiology and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches. |
| Address |
Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 900A Weyburn Place, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA |
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| Publisher |
Springer |
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| Language |
English |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1534-4827 |
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| Notes |
PMID:24532160; PMCID:PMC3988110 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
320 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Light pollution and solid-state lighting: reducing the carbon dioxide footprint is not enough |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE 8785, 8th Iberoamerican Optics Meeting and 11th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications, 87852G, 2013 |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE 8785 |
| Volume |
8785 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
*Lighting; LED; light emitting diode; outdoor lighting; artificial light at night; lighting policy; solid-state lighting; blue light |
| Abstract |
Public and private lighting account for a relevant share of the overall electric power consumption worldwide. The pressing need of reducing the carbon dioxide emissions as well as of lowering the lumen•hour price tag has fostered the search for alternative lighting technologies to substitute for the incandescent and gas-discharge based lamps. The most successful approach to date, solid-state lighting, is already finding its way into the public lighting market, very often helped by substantial public investments and support. LED-based sources have distinct advantages: under controlled conditions their efficacy equals or surpasses that of conventional solutions, their small source size allows for an efficient collimation of the lightbeam (delivering the photons where they are actually needed and reducing lightspill on the surrounding areas), and they can be switched and/or dimmed on demand at very high rates, thus allowing for a tailored schedule of lighting. However, energy savings and carbon dioxide reduction are not the only crucial issues faced by present day lighting. A growing body of research has shown the significance of the spectral composition of light when it comes to assess the detrimental effects of artificial light-at-night (ALAN). The potential ALAN blueshift associated to the deployment of LED-based lighting systems has raised sensible concerns about its scientific, cultural, ecological and public health consequences, which can be further amplified if an increased light consumption is produced due to the rebound effect. This contribution addresses some of the challenges that these issues pose to the Optics and Photonics community. |
| Address |
Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; salva.bara@usc.es |
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SPIE |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1135 |
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| Author |
Holzhauer S.I.J.; Franke S.; Kyba C.C.M.; Manfrin A.; Klenke R.; Voigt C.C.; Lewanzik D.; Oehlert M.; Monaghan M.T.; Schneider S.; Heller S.; Kuechly H.; Brüning A.; Honnen A.-C.; Hölker F. |
| Title |
Out of the Dark: Establishing a Large-Scale Field Experiment to Assess the Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Species and Food Webs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Sustainability |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
15593-15616 |
| Keywords |
ALAN; artificial light at night; ecosystems; freshwater; light pollution; loss of the night; photometric characterization; riparian; Verlust der Nacht |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most obvious hallmarks of human presence in an ecosystem. The rapidly increasing use of artificial light has fundamentally transformed nightscapes throughout most of the globe, although little is known about how ALAN impacts the biodiversity and food webs of illuminated ecosystems. We developed a large-scale experimental infrastructure to study the effects of ALAN on a light-naïve, natural riparian (i.e., terrestrial-aquatic) ecosystem. Twelve street lights (20 m apart) arranged in three rows parallel to an agricultural drainage ditch were installed on each of two sites located in a grassland ecosystem in northern Germany. A range of biotic, abiotic, and photometric data are collected regularly to study the short- and long-term effects of ALAN on behavior, species interactions, physiology, and species composition of communities. Here we describe the infrastructure setup and data collection methods, and characterize the study area including photometric measurements. None of the measured parameters differed significantly between sites in the period before illumination. Results of one short-term experiment, carried out with one site illuminated and the other acting as a control, demonstrate the attraction of ALAN by the immense and immediate increase of insect catches at the lit street lights. The experimental setup provides a unique platform for carrying out interdisciplinary research on sustainable lighting. |
| Address |
Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301/310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; holzhauer(at)igb-berlin.de |
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MDPI |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ schroer @ |
Serial |
1305 |
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| Author |
Bliss-Ketchum, L.L.; de Rivera, C.E.; Turner, B.C.; Weisbaum, D.M. |
| Title |
The effect of artificial light on wildlife use of a passage structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Conservation |
| Volume |
199 |
Issue |
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Pages |
25-28 |
| Keywords |
Animals; animal movement; Columbia black-tailed deer; deer; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; deer mouse; Peromyscus maniculatus; opossum; Didelphis virginiana; artificial light at night |
| Abstract |
Barriers to animal movement can isolate populations, impacting their genetic diversity, susceptibility to disease, and access to resources. Barriers to movement may be caused by artificial light, which is known to disrupt bird, sea turtle, and bat behavior, but few studies have experimentally investigated the effects of artificial light on movement for a suite of terrestrial vertebrates. Therefore, we studied the effect of ecological light pollution on animal usage of a bridge under-road passage structure. On a weekly basis, sections of the structure were subjected to different light treatments including no light added, followed by a Reference period when lights were off in all the structure sections. Sand track data revealed use by 23 mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, nine of which had > 30 tracks for species-level analysis. Columbia black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) traversed under unlit bridge sections much less when neighboring sections were lit compared to when none were, suggesting avoidance due to any nearby presence of artificial light. Similarly, deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and opossum (Didelphis virginiana) track paths were less frequent in the lit sections than the ambient. Crossing was correlated with temporal or spatial factors but not light for three of the other species. These findings suggest that artificial light may be reducing habitat connectivity for some species though not providing a strong barrier for others. Such information is needed to inform mitigation of habitat fragmentation in the face of expanding urbanization. |
| Address |
Department of Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA; blissket(at)pdx.edu |
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Thesis |
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Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0006-3207 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1445 |
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| Author |
Davies, T.W.; Duffy, J.P.; Bennie, J.; Gaston, K.J. |
| Title |
Stemming the Tide of Light Pollution Encroaching into Marine Protected Areas: Light pollution in marine protected areas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservation Lett. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
164–171 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Anthropogenic disturbance; artificial light; marine ecosystems; marine protected areas; pollution |
| Abstract |
Many marine ecosystems are shaped by regimes of natural light guiding the behavior of their constituent species. As evidenced from terrestrial systems, the global introduction of nighttime lighting is likely influencing these behaviors, restructuring marine ecosystems, and compromising the services they provide. Yet the extent to which marine habitats are exposed to artificial light at night is unknown. We quantified nighttime artificial light across the world's network of marine protected areas (MPAs). Artificial light is widespread and increasing in a large percentage of MPAs. While increases are more common among MPAs associated with human activity, artificial light is encroaching into a large proportion of even those marine habitats protected with the strongest legislative designations. Given the current lack of statutory tools, we propose that allocating “Marine Dark Sky Park†status to MPAs will help incentivize responsible authorities to hold back the advance of artificial light. |
| Address |
University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK. Thomas.Davies(at)exeter.ac.uk |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Wiley |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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1755263X |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1222 |
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