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Author  |
Elvidge, C.; Zhizhin, M.; Hsu, F.-C.; Baugh, K. |
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Title |
VIIRS Nightfire: Satellite Pyrometry at Night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
4423-4449 |
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Keywords |
SNPP; VIIRS; fire detection; gas flaring; biomass burning; fossil fuel carbon emissions |
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Abstract |
The Nightfire algorithm detects and characterizes sub-pixel hot sources using multispectral data collected globally, each night, by the Suomi National Polar Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The spectral bands utilized span visible, near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and mid-wave infrared (MWIR). The primary detection band is in the SWIR, centered at 1.6 μm. Without solar input, the SWIR spectral band records sensor noise, punctuated by high radiant emissions associated with gas flares, biomass burning, volcanoes, and industrial sites such as steel mills. Planck curve fitting of the hot source radiances yields temperature (K) and emission scaling factor (ESF). Additional calculations are done to estimate source size (m2), radiant heat intensity (W/m2), and radiant heat (MW). Use of the sensor noise limited M7, M8, and M10 spectral bands at night reduce scene background effects, which are widely reported for fire algorithms based on MWIR and long-wave infrared. High atmospheric transmissivity in the M10 spectral band reduces atmospheric effects on temperature and radiant heat retrievals. Nightfire retrieved temperature estimates for sub-pixel hot sources ranging from 600 to 6,000 K. An intercomparison study of biomass burning in Sumatra from June 2013 found Nightfire radiant heat (MW) to be highly correlated to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Fire Radiative Power (MW). |
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Earth Observation Group, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO 80305, USA |
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2072-4292 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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199 |
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Author |
Jones, B.A. |
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Title |
Spillover health effects of energy efficiency investments: Quasi-experimental evidence from the Los Angeles LED streetlight program |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management |
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88 |
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283-299 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; LED; public health; outdoor lighting; Los Angeles; economics; energy efficiency; breast cancer; fossil fuel carbon emissions |
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Abstract |
Payback estimates of energy efficiency investments often ignore public health externalities. This is problematic in cases where spillover health effects are substantial, such as when the application of new technology alters environmental exposures. When health externalities are included in return on investment calculations, energy efficiency programs may look more or less attractive than suggested by conventional “energy savings only” estimates. This analysis exploits the quasi-experiment provided by the 2009 Los Angeles (LA) LED streetlight efficiency program to investigate the returns on investments inclusive of an originally estimated health externality. Using the synthetic control method, we find that the LED streetlight program is associated with a lagged increase in breast cancer mortality of 0.479 per 100,000. Inclusive of the effects of LEDs on breast cancer and avoided carbon emissions, the LA LED program provides a −146.2% 10-year return compared to +118.2% when health outcomes and carbon emissions are ignored. |
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Department of Economics, University of New Mexico, 1 UNM Drive, MSC 05 3060, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; bajones(at)unm.edu |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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0095-0696 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1976 |
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