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Juntunen, E.; Tetri, E.; Tapaninen, O.; Yrjänä S.; Kondratyev, V; . Sitomaniemi, A.; Siirtola, H.; Sarjanoja, E.M.; Aikio, J.; Heikkinen, V |
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A smart LED luminaire for energy savings in pedestrian road lighting. |
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2013 |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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47 |
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1 |
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103-115 |
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Lighting |
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Kayumov, L.; Casper, R.F.; Hawa, R.J.; Perelman, B.; Chung, S.A.; Sokalsky, S.; Shapiro, C.M. |
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Title |
Blocking low-wavelength light prevents nocturnal melatonin suppression with no adverse effect on performance during simulated shift work |
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2005 |
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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |
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J Clin Endocrinol Metab |
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90 |
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5 |
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2755-2761 |
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Lighting; Adult; *Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; *Light; Male; Melatonin/*secretion; *Work Schedule Tolerance |
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Decreases in melatonin production in human and animals are known to be caused by environmental lighting, especially short-wavelength lighting (between 470 and 525 nm). We investigated the novel hypothesis that the use of goggles with selective exclusion of all wavelengths less than 530 nm could prevent the suppression of melatonin in bright-light conditions during a simulated shift-work experiment. Salivary melatonin levels were measured under dim (<5 lux), bright (800 lux), and filtered (800 lux) light at hourly intervals between 2000 and 0800 h in 11 healthy young males and eight females (mean age, 24.7 +/- 4.6 yr). The measurements were performed during three nonconsecutive nights over a 2-wk period. Subjective sleepiness was measured by self-report scales, whereas objective performance was assessed with the Continuous Performance Test. All subjects demonstrated preserved melatonin levels in filtered light similar to their dim-light secretion profile. Unfiltered bright light drastically suppressed melatonin production. Normalization of endogenous melatonin production while wearing goggles did not impair measures of performance, subjective sleepiness, or alertness. |
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Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, ECW 3D-035, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8. lkayumov@uhnres.utoronto.ca |
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0021-972X |
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PMID:15713707 |
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640 |
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Kobler, R. ( |
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Die Lichtverschmutzung in der Schweiz. Mögliche Auswirkungen und praktische Lösungsansätze |
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2002 |
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Leccese, F.; Leonowicz, Z. |
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Intelligent wireless street lighting system. |
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2012 |
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Environmental and Electrical Engineering, 11th International Conference |
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958–961 |
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Lighting |
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Monsere, C.M.; Fischer, E.L. |
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Safety effects of reducing freeway illumination for energy conservation |
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2008 |
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Accident; Analysis and Prevention |
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Accid Anal Prev |
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40 |
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5 |
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1773-1780 |
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Lighting; Accidents, Traffic/*statistics & numerical data; *Automobile Driving; *Conservation of Energy Resources; Environment Design; Humans; *Lighting; Models, Statistical; Oregon; Safety; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology |
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The addition of illumination where none was present is generally believed to have a positive effect on motor vehicle safety; reducing the frequency, as well as the severity of crashes. The operational cost of illumination, however, can make it a candidate for conservation during periods of high energy costs. In response to a forecasted energy shortage, the Oregon Department of Transportation selectively reduced illumination on interstate highways as part of an energy-saving effort. The reductions occurred at 44 interchanges and along 5.5 miles of interstate highway. This paper presents the results of a crash-based analysis of the changes in safety performance using an empirical-Bayes observational methodology. The study found an increase in reported crashes where the lineal lighting was reduced both in total crashes (28.95%, P=0.05) and injury night crashes (39.21%, P=0.07). Where full interchange lighting was reduced to partial lighting, a 2.46% increase (P=0.007) in total night crashes was observed. Injury night crashes, however, decreased by 12.16% (P<0.001) though day injury crashes also decreased at these locations. Unexpectedly, for interchanges where illumination was reduced from partial plus to partial, a 35.24% decrease (P<0.001) in total crashes and 39.98 (P<0.001) decrease in injury night crashes was found, though again, day crashes also decreased. |
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Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA. monsere@pdx.edu |
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0001-4575 |
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PMID:18760107 |
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643 |
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