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Author |
Kamrowski, R.L.; Sutton, S.G.; Tobin, R.C.; Hamann, M. |
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Title |
Potential applicability of persuasive communication to light-glow reduction efforts: a case study of marine turtle conservation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Manage |
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Volume  |
54 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
583-595 |
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Keywords |
Society; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; *Conservation of Natural Resources; Culture; Female; Humans; *Lighting; Male; Middle Aged; Persuasive Communication; Public Opinion; Queensland; Questionnaires; *Turtles; Young Adult |
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Abstract |
Artificial lighting along coastlines poses a significant threat to marine turtles due to the importance of light for their natural orientation at the nesting beach. Effective lighting management requires widespread support and participation, yet engaging the public with light reduction initiatives is difficult because benefits associated with artificial lighting are deeply entrenched within modern society. We present a case study from Queensland, Australia, where an active light-glow reduction campaign has been in place since 2008 to protect nesting turtles. Semi-structured questionnaires explored community beliefs about reducing light and evaluated the potential for using persuasive communication techniques based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to increase engagement with light reduction. Respondents (n = 352) had moderate to strong intentions to reduce light. TPB variables explained a significant proportion of variance in intention (multiple regression: R (2) = 0.54-0.69, P < 0.001), but adding a personal norm variable improved the model (R (2) = 0.73-0.79, P < 0.001). Significant differences in belief strength between campaign compliers and non-compliers suggest that targeting the beliefs reducing light leads to “increased protection of local turtles” (P < 0.01) and/or “benefits to the local economy” (P < 0.05), in combination with an appeal to personal norms, would produce the strongest persuasion potential for future communications. Selective legislation and commitment strategies may be further useful strategies to increase community light reduction. As artificial light continues to gain attention as a pollutant, our methods and findings will be of interest to anyone needing to manage public artificial lighting. |
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School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia, ruth.kamrowski(at)my.jcu.edu.au |
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Springer |
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English |
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English |
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0364-152X |
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PMID:24957580 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1283 |
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Author |
Bullough, J.D.; Donnell, E.T.; Rea, M.S. |
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Title |
To illuminate or not to illuminate: roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Accident; Analysis and Prevention |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accid Anal Prev |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
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Pages |
65-77 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Accident Prevention/*methods; Accidents, Traffic/*prevention & control/psychology/statistics & numerical data; Cross-Sectional Studies; *Environment Design; Humans; *Lighting; Minnesota; Models, Statistical; Photoperiod; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis; Safety/statistics & numerical data; Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
A two-pronged effort to quantify the impact of lighting on traffic safety is presented. In the statistical approach, the effects of lighting on crash frequency for different intersection types in Minnesota were assessed using count regression models. The models included many geometric and traffic control variables to estimate the association between lighting and nighttime and daytime crashes and the resulting night-to-day crash ratios. Overall, the presence of roadway intersection lighting was found to be associated with an approximately 12% lower night-to-day crash ratio than unlighted intersections. In the parallel analytical approach, visual performance analyses based on roadway intersection lighting practices in Minnesota were made for the same intersection types investigated in the statistical approach. The results of both approaches were convergent, suggesting that visual performance improvements from roadway lighting could serve as input for predicting improvements in crash frequency. A provisional transfer function allows transportation engineers to evaluate alternative lighting systems in the design phase so selections based on expected benefits and costs can be made. |
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Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA |
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0001-4575 |
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PMID:23377085 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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627 |
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Author |
Murray, A.T.; Feng, X. |
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Title |
Public street lighting service standard assessment and achievement |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Socio-Economic Planning Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Socio-Economic Planning Sciences |
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53 |
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14-22 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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Abstract |
Nighttime lighting is an important public service that impacts human activities and promotes transportation and pedestrian safety. Of course, such services are not free and have been found to have negative impacts on the environment. Responsible stewardship of the built environment requires that efficiency and care in the delivery of services be taken, particularly in the context of sustainability concerns. A significant problem with existing urban infrastructure systems like street lighting is that they have evolved over time using rule-of-thumb planning standards. Given this, systematic assessment and re-evaluation offers much potential for enhancing the spatial efficiency of infrastructure but also the opportunity to explicitly account for environmental impacts in combination with safety and security. This paper applies a methodology for studying lighting in urban areas based upon the use of spatial analytics, including GIS and spatial optimization. Findings and results are reported for a study area in San Diego, California, highlighting current system configuration issues, method development and the potential long term benefits of systematic analysis of public sector services. |
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0038-0121 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1344 |
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Author |
Mulvin, D. |
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Title |
Media Prophylaxis: Night Modes and the Politics of Preventing Harm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Information & Culture |
Abbreviated Journal |
Information & Culture |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-202 |
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Keywords |
History; Lighting; Society |
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This article develops the term “media prophylaxis” to analyze the ways technologies are applied to challenges of calibrating one’s body with its environment and as defenses against endemic, human-made harms. In recent years, self-illuminated screens (like those of computers, phones, and tablets) have been identified by scientists, journalists, and concerned individuals as particularly pernicious sources of sleep-disrupting light. By tracing the history of circadian research, the effects of light on sleep patterns, and the recent appearance of software like “f.lux,” Apple’s “Night Shift,” and “Twilight,” this article shows how media-prophylactic technologies can individualize responsibility for preventing harm while simultaneously surfacing otherwise ignored forms of chronic suffering. |
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2164-8034 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1917 |
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Author |
Huang, B.J.; Wu, M.S.; Hsu, P.C.; Chen, J.W.; Chen, K.Y. |
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Title |
Development of high-performance solar LED lighting system |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Energy Conversion and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Conversion and Management |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1669-1675 |
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Keywords |
Stand-alone solar system; Off-grid solar system; Solar-powered lighting; LED lighting; Solar LED lighting; LED; outdoor lighting |
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The present study developed a high-performance charge/discharge controller for stand-alone solar LED lighting system by incorporating an nMPPO system design, a PWM battery charge control, and a PWM battery discharge control to directly drive the LED. The MPPT controller can then be removed from the stand-alone solar system and the charged capacity of the battery increases 9.7%. For LED driven by PWM current directly from battery, a reliability test for the light decay of LED lamps was performed continuously for 13,200 h. It has shown that the light decay of PWM-driven LED is the same as that of constant-current driven LED. The switching energy loss of the MOSFET in the PWM battery discharge control is less than 1%. Three solar-powered LED lighting systems (18 W, 100 W and 150 W LED) were designed and built. The long-term outdoor field test results have shown that the system performance is satisfactory with the control system developed in the present study. The loss of load probability for the 18 W solar LED system is 14.1% in winter and zero in summer. For the 100 W solar LED system, the loss of load probability is 3.6% in spring. |
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0196-8904 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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330 |
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