| Records |
| Author |
Kolláth, Z. |
| Title |
Measuring and modelling light pollution at the Zselic Starry Sky Park |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
Abbreviated Journal  |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume |
218 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012001 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; modeling; measurement; SQM; sky brightness; Zselic; International Dark Sky Park; Hungry; measurements; modeling; light pollution; skyglow; radiative transfer |
| Abstract |
One of the first 'International Dark-sky Parks' in Europe was established at the Zselic Landscape Protection Area in Hungary. A special monitoring program has been carrying on to survey the quality of the night sky using 'Sky Quality Meters' and DSLR cameras. The main conclusion of our measurements is that the local villages have only a minimal effect on the quality of the sky. There are light-domes due to the neighbouring cities only close to the horizon, the main source of obtrusive light is the city of Kaposvár. The anthropogenic component of zenith luminance of the night sky is obtained as the function of the distance from the city centre of Kaposvár. Our data were modelled by radiation transfer calculations. These results can help to draw attention to the energy emitted useless to the space and to protect our nocturnal landscape of nature parks for the next generations. |
| Address |
Konkoly Observatory, Konkoly Thege u. 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; kollath(at)konkoly.hu |
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| Publisher |
IOP |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
1742-6596 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1436 |
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| Author |
Barentine, J.C.; Walker, C.E.; Kocifaj, M.; Kundracik, F.; Juan, A.; Kanemoto, J.; Monrad, C.K. |
| Title |
Skyglow Changes Over Tucson, Arizona, Resulting From A Municipal LED Street Lighting Conversion |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
212 |
Issue |
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Pages |
10-23 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; Tucson; Arizona; LED; modeling; radiative transfer; LED |
| Abstract |
The transition from earlier lighting technologies to white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a significant change in the use of artificial light at night. LEDs emit considerably more short-wavelength light into the environment than earlier technologies on a per-lumen basis. Radiative transfer models predict increased skyglow over cities transitioning to LED unless the total lumen output of new lighting systems is reduced. The City of Tucson, Arizona (U.S.), recently converted its municipal street lighting system from a mixture of fully shielded high- and low-pressure sodium (HPS/LPS) luminaires to fully shielded 3000 K white LED luminaires. The lighting design intended to minimize increases to skyglow in order to protect the sites of nearby astronomical observatories without compromising public safety. This involved the migration of over 445 million fully shielded HPS/LPS lumens to roughly 142 million fully shielded 3000 K white LED lumens and an expected concomitant reduction in the amount of visual skyglow over Tucson. SkyGlow Simulator models predict skyglow decreases on the order of 10-20% depending on whether fully shielded or partly shielded lights are in use. We tested this prediction using visual night sky brightness estimates and luminance-calibrated, panchromatic all-sky imagery at 15 locations in and near the city. Data were obtained in 2014, before the LED conversion began, and in mid-2017 after approximately 95% of ~18,000 luminaires was converted. Skyglow differed marginally, and in all cases with valid data changed by <±20%. Over the same period, the city’s upward-directed optical radiance detected from Earth orbit decreased by approximately 7%. While these results are not conclusive, they suggest that LED conversions paired with dimming can reduce skyglow over cities. |
| Address |
International Dark-Sky Association, 3223 N 1st Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85719 USA; john(at)darksky.org |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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| ISSN |
0022-4073 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1819 |
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Zamorano, J.; Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Ocaña, F.; Pila-Diez, B.; Gómez Castaño, J.; Pascual, S.; Tapia, C.; Gallego, J.; Fernandez, A.; Nievas, M. |
| Title |
Testing sky brightness models against radial dependency: a dense two dimensional survey around the city of Madrid, Spain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
JQSRT |
| Volume |
181 |
Issue |
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Pages |
52-66 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; measurements; light pollution; artificial light at night; modeling; Madrid; Spain |
| Abstract |
We present a study of the night sky brightness around the extended metropolitan area of Madrid using Sky Quality Meter (SQM) photometers. The map is the first to cover the spatial distribution of the sky brightness in the center of the Iberian peninsula. These surveys are neccessary to test the light pollution models that predict night sky brightness as a function of the location and brightness of the sources of light pollution and the scattering of light in the atmosphere. We describe the data-retrieval methodology, which includes an automated procedure to measure from a moving vehicle in order to speed up the data collection, providing a denser and wider survey than previous works with similar time frames. We compare the night sky brightness map to the nocturnal radiance measured from space by the DMSP satellite. We find that i) a single source model is not enough to explain the radial evolution of the night sky brightness, despite the predominance of Madrid in size and population, and ii) that the orography of the region should be taken into account when deriving geo-specific models from general first-principles models. We show the tight relationship between these two luminance measures. This finding sets up an alternative roadmap to extended studies over the globe that will not require the local deployment of photometers or trained personnel. |
| Address |
Dept. Astrof´ısica y CC. de la Atm´osfera, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1323 |
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| Author |
Rea, M. S.; Bierman, A. |
| Title |
Spectral considerations for outdoor lighting: Consequences for sky glow |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Res. & Tech. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
920-930 |
| Keywords |
Lighting; skyglow; spectrum; scattering; aerosol; modeling |
| Abstract |
It is well known that the magnitude of sky glow on a clear night depends upon the aerosol content in the atmosphere and the spectral power distribution (amount and spectrum). Sources with a greater proportion of short-wavelength radiation produce more backscattered radiation, but as aerosol density increases, the differential effect of spectrum becomes smaller. Sky glow magnitude also depends upon the operating characteristics of the detector and will be greater when the spectrum of the backscattered radiation is tuned to the spectral band-pass characteristics of the detector. The human visual system is most often used to assess sky glow magnitude, but its spectral response is not limited to a single, univariate detector. Rather, the retina is composed of many neural channels, each with its own spectral and absolute sensitivities to optical radiation. Since we can use a different neural channel to see an individual star than we do to gain an overall impression of sky brightness, changes to the spectral power distribution of backscattered radiation differentially, and simultaneously, affect one’s ability to see a single star and to assess sky brightness. A general method for assessing sky glow based upon aerosol content, spectral power distribution and the specific operating characteristics of a detector, human or otherwise, is offered. |
| Address |
Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA |
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| Publisher |
The Society of Light and Lighting |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1065 |
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| Author |
Estrada-García, R.; García-Gil, M.; Acosta, L.; Bará, S.; Sanchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J. |
| Title |
Statistical modelling and satellite monitoring of upward light from public lighting |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Res. & Tech. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
1477153515583181 |
Pages |
1-30 |
| Keywords |
Remote sensing; radiative transfer; modeling; skyglow; light pollution; urban |
| Abstract |
In this work, we propose an approach to estimating the amount of light wasted by being sent towards the upper hemisphere from urban areas. This is a source of light pollution. The approach is based on a predictive model that provides the fraction of light directed skywards in terms of a small set of identified explanatory variables that characterise the urban landscape and its light sources. The model, built via the statistical analysis of a wide sample of basic urban scenarios to compute accurately the amount of light wasted at each of them, establishes an optimal linear regression function that relates the fraction of wasted flux to relevant variables like the kind of luminaires, the street fill factor, the street width, the building and luminaire heights and the walls and pavement reflectances. We applied this model to evaluate the changes in emissions produced at two urban nuclei in the Deltebre municipality of Catalonia. The results agree reasonably well with those deduced from the radiance measurements made with the VIIRS instrument onboard the Suomi-NPP Earth orbiting satellite. |
| Address |
Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain; manuel.garcia.gil(at)upc.edu |
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Sage |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1155 |
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