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Author |
Nievas Rosillo, M. |
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Title |
Absolute photometry and Night Sky Brightness with all-sky cameras |
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Report |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication  |
e-prints Complutense |
Abbreviated Journal |
e-prints Complutense |
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24626 |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation; skyglow; measurement; modeling |
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Abstract |
All-sky cameras have proven to be powerful tools to continuously monitoring the sky in a wide range of fields in both Astrophysics and Meteorology. In this work, we have developed a complete software pipeline to analyze the night CCD images obtained with one of such systems. This let us to study typical parameters used in Astrophysics to characterize the night sky quality, such as the Sky Brightness, the Cloud Coverage and the Atmospheric Extinction, how they evolve over the time and their variability. Using our software, we analyzed a large set of data from AstMon-OT all-sky camera at Teide Observatory. Results from this work have been applied in the support to the spanish CTA site proposal at Izaña, Tenerife and are being discussed within the CTA consortium. A comparison with data from other devices that have been used in site characterization such as the IAC80 telescope is also presented. This comparison is used to validate the results of the analysis of all-sky images. Finally, we test our software with AstMon-UCM and DSLR cameras. Some general recommendations for the use of DSLR cameras are provided. |
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Departamento de Astrofísica y Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain |
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Master's thesis |
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Madrid |
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English |
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English |
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e-prints Complutense |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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1437 |
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Author |
Troy, J.R.; Holmes, N.D.; Green, M.C. |
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Title |
Modeling artificial light viewed by fledgling seabirds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecosphere |
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2 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
art109 |
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Keywords |
artificial light; fallout; Hydrobatidae; modeling; Newell's Shearwater; Procellariidae; Puffinus newelli; birds |
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Abstract |
Artificial light is increasing in coverage across the surface of our planet, impacting the behavioral ecology of many organisms. Attraction to sources of artificial light is a significant threat to certain fledgling shearwaters, petrels (Procellariidae), and storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) on their first nocturnal flights to the sea. Disorientation by light can cause these birds to crash into vegetation or manmade structures, potentially resulting in death from physical injury, starvation, dehydration, predation by introduced predators, or collisions with vehicles. We developed a GIS-based method to model the intensity of artificial light that fledgling procellariids and hydrobatids could view en route to the ocean (to estimate the degree of threat that artificial light poses to these birds) and present two models for the island of Kauai as examples. These models are particularly relevant to the federally threatened Newell's Shearwater, or `A`o (Puffinus newelli), of which >30,000 fledglings have been collected in response to disorientation by lights on Kauai during the past 30 years. Our models suggest that there are few to no portions of Kauai from which young birds could fledge and not view light on their post-natal nocturnal flights, which is concerning given evidence of a Newell's Shearwater population decline. In future work using this technique, night light intensity layers could be altered to model the effects of modified coastal light conditions on known and potential procellariid and hydrobatid breeding locations. Furthermore, certain methods presented herein may be applicable to other seabirds and additional taxa in which attraction to anthropogenic light poses a serious threat, including migratory passerines and hatchling marine turtles. Components of this modeling approach could potentially be used to spatially estimate effects of other point-source threats to ecological systems, including sound and air pollution. |
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2150-8925 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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60 |
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Troy, J.R.; Holmes, N.D.; Veech, J.A.; Green, M.C. |
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Title |
Using observed seabird fallout records to infer patterns of attraction to artificial light |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Endangered Species Research |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
225-234 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anthropogenic light; GIS-based modeling; Hawaii; Kauai; Light attraction; Procellariiformes; Newell’s shearwater; Seabird conservation |
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Abstract |
Attraction of fledgling shearwaters, petrels, and storm-petrels to artificial light has been documented for decades on islands around the world and is considered a significant threat to many species. Although large numbers of downed birds have been observed after being disoriented by light, several important elements of this ‘fallout’ phenomenon are unknown, including the locations along the path from nest to ocean at which attraction and/or disorientation occurs and whether fledglings can be attracted back to land after reaching the ocean in numbers large enough to contribute significantly to fallout. To investigate these questions, we compared observed Newell’s shearwater Puffinus newelli fallout records (from 1998 to 2009) on Kauai, USA, with expected numbers generated from several hypothetical models containing basic assumptions related to fledgling movement and attraction to light. Based on our results, the spatial pattern of observed fallout is consistent with the amount of light that fledglings may view along their first flights to and beyond the coastline. This suggests that even fledglings from dark regions of the island may not be safe because they may view light after reaching the ocean and still be susceptible to attraction. These findings support recent modeling efforts predicting that most birds fledging from Kauai are likely exposed to at least some anthropogenic light. As nocturnal use of light by humans is unlikely to be eliminated, research on the types of artificial light that are both useful to humans and safe for seabirds may be crucial for the conservation of these important marine animals. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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383 |
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Author |
Zeng, C.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, S.; Yan, F.; Zhao, Q. |
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Title |
Population spatialization in China based on night-time imagery and land use data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
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32 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
9599-9620 |
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Keywords |
DMSP-OLS; remote sensing; light at night; population; modeling |
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Population is a key indicator of socioeconomic development, urban planning and environmental protection, particularly for developing countries like China. But, census data for any given area are neither always available nor adequately reflect the internal differences of population. The authors tried to overcome this problem by spatializing the population across China through utilizing integer night-time imagery (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System, DMSP/OLS) and land-use data. In creating the population linear regression model, night-time light intensity and lit areas, under different types of land use, were employed as predictor variables, and census data as dependent variables. To improve model performance, eight zones were created using night-time imagery clustering and shortest path algorithm. The population model is observed to have a coefficient of determination (R 2) ranging from 0.80 to 0.95 in the research area, which remained the same in different years. A comparison of the results of this study with those of other researchers shows that the spatialized population density map, prepared on the basis of night-time imagery, reflects the population distribution character more explicitly and in greater detail. |
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State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science , Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University , Beijing, 100101, PR China |
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0143-1161 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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228 |
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Author |
Kolláth, Z. |
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Title |
Measuring and modelling light pollution at the Zselic Starry Sky Park |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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218 |
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012001 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; modeling; measurement; SQM; sky brightness; Zselic; International Dark Sky Park; Hungry; measurements; modeling; light pollution; skyglow; radiative transfer |
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Abstract |
One of the first 'International Dark-sky Parks' in Europe was established at the Zselic Landscape Protection Area in Hungary. A special monitoring program has been carrying on to survey the quality of the night sky using 'Sky Quality Meters' and DSLR cameras. The main conclusion of our measurements is that the local villages have only a minimal effect on the quality of the sky. There are light-domes due to the neighbouring cities only close to the horizon, the main source of obtrusive light is the city of Kaposvár. The anthropogenic component of zenith luminance of the night sky is obtained as the function of the distance from the city centre of Kaposvár. Our data were modelled by radiation transfer calculations. These results can help to draw attention to the energy emitted useless to the space and to protect our nocturnal landscape of nature parks for the next generations. |
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Konkoly Observatory, Konkoly Thege u. 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; kollath(at)konkoly.hu |
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IOP |
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English |
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1742-6596 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1436 |
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